The present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity of (aqueous and methanol) crude extracts of the leaves, stems and roots extracts as well as proteoglycan and glycoside fraction I (FI) of Convolvulus arvensis against human Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) tumor cell line in vitro. The effect of glycoside FI fraction on mitotic index (MI) of RD cell line was investigated as well. The optical density (OD) of cell growth was measured by Elisa reader at 492 nm using tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Aqueous and methanol leaves extracts and glycoside FI had more cytotoxic effects at 10 mg/ml after 24 h. After 48 h, proteoglycan and glycoside FI at 10 mg/ml revealed very high cytotoxic activity compared with other concentrations. After 72 h, glycoside FI at 10 mg/ml had more cytotoxic inhibition compared with other extracts. Glycoside FI had cytotoxicity concentration 50% (CC 50%) 1.775, 0.870 and 0.706 mg/ml after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The root aqueous extract had less cytotoxic effect after 72 h than other extracts; the CC 50% was 7.437 mg/ml. Cytotoxicity of root aqueous extract was more pronounced at higher concentration of 10 mg/ml. The effect of glycoside FI on MI of RD tumor cell line was concentration dependant.
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