Adult dogs, especially elderly ones, are commonly affected by prostate diseases. Performing rectal palpation during physical examination in dogs is important in small animal clinical diagnosis. Prostate palpation training allows students to learn how to correctly introduce the finger into the rectum and identify the location, size, symmetry, and consistency of the prostate. Alternative methods are needed to teach this technique without using live dogs. Thus, our aim was to develop a canine prostate palpation simulator to provide students with the opportunity to learn the prostate palpation technique in dogs and to assess their opinion of this simulator as a teaching tool. The inner part of the canine mannequin contains a rotation system with three types of prostates that can be exchanged during the exam. Of the 64 participating students, 81% had never used alternative methods and 92.2% had never performed any prostatic palpation. According to the students' opinions, performing a clinical examination on a simulator allowed them to be prepared and familiarized with the palpation technique. They felt satisfied learning a practical method in a harmless way. Both the 3R (replacement, reduction, and refinement) and dog welfare principles were present in most of the students' concerns. We conclude that the simulator can help students to develop clinical skills for prostate palpation in dogs.
Food packages must communicate mandatory information, but they can also be used for marketing practices such as promotion and are a communication pathway from industry to consumer. Considering that cows are the main beings affected by the dairy industry, it is essential to scrutinise what dairy product packages convey about them. The aims of this study are to analyse the occurrence of reference to cows on the packaging of dairy products in popular supermarket retail stores in Brazil and the United Kingdom and to discuss ethical implications of promotional practices of dairy producers. We found that in both countries most packaging does not refer to cows at all. In the UK, an average of 31% of the packaging used some visual reference to cows, and in Brazil an average of 15% of packaging used some visual reference to cows. We identified four modalities of cow signifiers with a strong common appeal to nature that reflect and reaffirm an idyllic narrative of milk production. Our findings reflect the concept of absent referent, coined by Carol Adams, both on the packages containing some type of cow representation and on the packages not containing any. Considering that it might influence the consumer’s understanding and attitude towards cows, we highlight that the lack of adequate information about cows’ conditions and the obscuring of problematic issues in cows’ exploitation through the globalization of the happy cow narrative are two important issues to be placed on the Marketing Ethics concerns.
The Brazilian government has published a resolution that bans animal use in some practical classes within undergraduate and high school technical education from April 2019. Resolution No. 38/2018, issued by the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA), bans the killing of animals for dissection purposes and animal experiments in practical classes that do not involve the acquisition of new skills. The initial call for the ban was by the Brazilian Network for Humane Education (RedEH), an independent body comprising Brazilian professors and international collaborators dedicated to the implementation of replacement alternatives in education. The call was supported by InterNICHE, and many professors and other international organisations. The Brazilian Council of Veterinary Medicine, which is responsible for regulating the veterinary profession in Brazil, also stated its support for humane education and for the ban. The call was the first formal request, and it eventually led to the first legal resolution for the replacement of animal use in education in Brazil. This represents an important historic landmark in the advancement of science education.
Ambientes urbanos são espaços compartilhados com animais sinantrópicos. Acoexistência nestes espaços pode produzir conflitos territoriais, sanitários eambientais que afetam o bem-estar dos envolvidos. Em geral, os setores públicosencarregados de tais problemas priorizam os interesses de certas espécies,reproduzindo padrões de injustiça social. Analisar os instrumentos normativos e degovernança destinados a tais animais pode traçar caminhos para uma melhorconvivência interespécies. Partindo dessa premissa realizou-se uma pesquisadocumental e bibliográfico-dedutiva da legislação e das principais políticas públicasbrasileiras, de três estados da federação (Paraná, Santa Catarina e Paraíba) e suasrespectivas capitais. A partir de uma ferramenta de classificação elaborada,observou-se que os recursos jurídicos apresentam níveis primários de proteção.Dentre as prováveis explicações, destacam-se a estigmatização de certos grupostaxonômicos e os rótulos biológicos difusos em leis específicas. Sugere-se que umaconvivência harmônica passa por transformações estruturais que envolve asuperação de paradigmas ecológicos e antropocêntricos.
This article presents a review of critical points related to the production of foie gras, based on technical-scientific references, regarding the impacts of this type of production on the quality of life of the birds involved. As a subsidy to an analysis on the legitimacy of the activities related to the production and commercialization of foie gras in Brazil, specificities of the Brazilian legal system were considered, as well as problems in the field of animal ethics about exploitation activities that involve animal suffering. In this sense, an exploratory research was conducted on the details and legislation relevant to the production of foie gras from the survey of relevant publications on the subject in scientific articles, books and digital news portals in recent decades. The results of this research led to the categorization of the endorsement of foie gras production as an indefensible practice, for implying evident risks and damage to health, resulting in a low degree of welfare and absence of minimum conditions that allow a good quality of life for the birds. And, due to the identification of the raising of birds for the production of foie gras as incompatible with national standards and basic principles protecting animal dignity, this article concludes that this practice is unsustainable.
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