Abstract:Optimal rehabilitation of large water distribution system (WDS) with many decision variables is often time-consuming and computationally expensive. This paper presents a new optimal rehabilitation methodology for WDSs based on graph theory clustering concept. The methodology starts with partitioning the WDS based on its connectivity properties into a number of clusters (small sub-systems). Pipes which might have direct impact on system performance are identified and considered for rehabilitation problem. Three optimisation-based strategies are then considered for pipe rehabilitation in the clustered network: 1) rehabilitation of some of the pipes inside the clusters; 2) rehabilitation of pipes in the path supplying water to the clusters; 3) combination of strategies 1 and 2. In all optimisation strategies, the decision variables are the diameters of duplicated pipes; the objective functions are to minimise the total cost of duplicated pipes and to minimise the number of nodes with pressure deficiency. The performance of proposed strategies was demonstrated in a large WDS with pressure deficiencies. The performance of these strategies were also compared to the full search space optimisation strategy and engineering judgement based optimisation strategy in which all pipes or selection of pipes are considered as decision variables respectively. The results show that strategy 3 is able to provide the best Pareto optimal front. The results also demonstrate that the cluster-based approach can significantly reduce the computational efforts for achieving optimum rehabilitation compared to the other optimization strategies. Optimal rehabilitation of large water distribution system (WDS) with many decision variables, 25 is often time-consuming and computationally expensive. This paper presents a new optimal 26 rehabilitation methodology for WDSs based on graph theory clustering concept. The methodology 27 starts with partitioning the WDS based on its connectivity properties into a number of clusters (small 28 sub-systems). Pipes which might have direct impact on system performance are identified and 29 considered for rehabilitation problem. Three optimisation-based strategies are then considered for 30 pipe rehabilitation in the clustered network: 1) rehabilitation of some of the pipes inside the clusters; 31 Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation2) rehabilitation of pipes in the path supplying water to the clusters; 3) combination of strategies 1 32 and 2. In all optimisation strategies, the decision variables are the diameters of duplicated pipes; the 33 objective functions are to minimise the total cost of duplicated pipes and to minimise the number of 34 nodes with pressure deficiency. 35The performance of proposed strategies was demonstrated in a large WDS with pressure 36 deficiencies. The performance of these strategies were also compared to the full search space 37 optimisation strategy and engineering judgement based optimisation strategy in which all pipes or...
Optimal operation of large water distribution systems (WDS) has always been a tedious task especially when combined with determination of district metered areas (DMAs). This paper presents a novel framework based on graph theory and optimisation models to design DMA configuration and identify optimal operation of large WDS for both dry and rainy seasons. The methodology comprise three main phases of preliminary analysis, DMA configuration and optimal operation. The preliminary analysis assists in identifying key features and potential bottlenecks in the WDS and hence narrow down the large number of decision variables. The second phase employs a graph theory approach to specify DMAs and adjust their configuration based on similarity of total water demands and pressure uniformity in DMAs. Third phase uses several consecutive single-objective and multi-objective optimisation models. The decision variables are pipe rehabilitation, tank upgrade, location of valves and pipes closure, and valve settings for each DMA. The objective functions are to minimise total annual cost of rehabilitation, water age and pressure uniformity. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through its application to large real-world WDS of E-Town. The results show that the proposed methodology can determine a desirable DMA configuration mainly supplied directly by trunk mains.
Water distribution management system is a costly practice and with the growth of population, the needs for creating more cost-effective solutions are vital. This paper presents a tool for optimization of pump operation in water systems. The pump scheduling tool (PST) is a fully dynamic tool that can handle four different types of fixed speed pump schedule representations (on and off, time control, time-length control, and simple control [water levels in tanks]). The PST has been developed using Visual Basic programming language and has a linkage between the EPANET hydraulic solver with the GANetXL optimization algorithm. It has a user-friendly interface which allows the simulation of water systems based on (1) a hydraulic model (EPANET) input file, (2) an interactive interface which can be modified by the user, and (3) a pump operation schedule generated by the optimization algorithm. It also has the interface of dynamic results which automatically visualizes generated solutions. The capabilities of the PST have been demonstrated by application to two real case studies, Anytown water distribution system (WDS) and Richmond WDS as a real one in the United Kingdom. The results show that PST is able to generate high-quality practical solutions.
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