Pesticides have the potential to leave harmful effects on humans, animals, other living organisms, and the environment. Several human metabolic proteins inhibited after exposure to organophosphorus pesticides absorbed through the skin, inhalation, eyes and oral mucosa, are most important targets for this interaction study. The crystal structure of five different proteins, PDBIDs: 3LII, 3NXU, 4GTU, 2XJ1 and 1YXA in Homo sapiens (H. sapiens), interact with organophosphorus pesticides at the molecular level. The 3-D structures were found to be of good quality and validated through PROCHECK, ERRAT and ProSA servers. The results show that the binding energy is maximum -45.21 relative units of cytochrome P450 protein with phosmet pesticide. In terms of H-bonding, methyl parathion and parathion with acetylcholinesterase protein, parathion, methylparathion and phosmet with protein kinase C show the highest interaction. We conclude that these organophosphorus pesticides are more toxic and inhibit enzymatic activity by interrupting the metabolic pathways in H. sapiens.
Spontaneous current study has been carried out in 70 nm particle size of wheat starch nano powder. The starch nano powder was prepared by mechanical grinding method. The spontaneous current was found to be induced and flowing in external circuit under short circuit condition by heating a sandwitched system. Sandwitched system consist of a starch nano powder (i.e. powder in different weight ratio of distilled water) between similar (Al-Al) and dissimilar (Al-Zn, Al-Cu, Al-Ag) electrode combination. The Spontaneous current spectra show two peaks lies in 46 ± 4 • C and 72 ± 4• C, respectively, in the first heating run. However, only single peak was observed in second heating run. In the dissimilar electrode combination the first peak shifts to lower temperature side, while second peak shifts to higher temperature side. Spontaneous current mechanism could be explained on the basis transitional changes of starch nano powder caused by influence of water. The temperature dependent open circuit voltage Voc was recorded. A linear relationship was observed between dissimilar electrodes system due to difference in electrode work functions. It has been observed that spontaneous current is influenced by water and depends on the choice of electrode material.
The dielectric properties of human blood are studied using dielectric spectroscopy. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of 50 nm were chemically synthesized using tri-sodium citrate as a reducing agent. Different amounts of AgNPs were mixed carefully in fresh human blood from a healthy person. The micrographs of blood were recorded before and after addition of nanoparticles. Micrograph shows the contraction of erythrocytes after injection of AgNPs. The contraction of erythrocytes increases with increase of AgNPs concentration. The observed permittivity, tangential loss, impedance decayed with frequency and then constant at higher frequency range. However, tangential loss and impedance shows S shape characteristics. We conclude that silver nanoparticles directly affects the dielectric parameters of human blood, that the effects are more relevant at frequencies below the MHz, and that the influence on the dielectric parameters is less with low concentration of AgNPs. The experimental finding of this heterogeneous system indicates α, β and Maxwell Wagner type of dispersion control the dielectric properties of whole human blood in the frequency range of 42Hz to 20 kHz at room temperature 30°C.
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