Globally, cardiovascular diseases and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are the leading causes of non-communicable disease burden. Overlapping symptoms such as breathlessness and fatigue, coupled with a lack of awareness about COPD among physicians, are important reasons for under-diagnosis and resultant sub-optimal care in COPD. Much has been published earlier on the pathogenesis and implications of cardiovascular comorbidities in COPD. However, a comprehensive review of prevalence and the impact of COPD management in commonly encountered cardiac diseases is lacking. This study aimed at summarizing the current knowledge regarding the prevalence of COPD in heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and atrial fibrillation. We have also discussed the real-life clinical presentation and practical implications of managing COPD in cardiac diseases. We searched Pubmed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for studies published between 1981 to May 2020 reporting the prevalence of COPD in the three specified cardiac diseases. COPD has a high prevalence in heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic heart disease. Despite this, COPD remains under-diagnosed and under-managed in the majority of patients with cardiac diseases. Clinical implications of the diagnosis of COPD in cardiac disease includes recognition of hyperinflation (a treatable trait), implementation of AECOPD prevention strategies, and reducing the risk of overuse of diuretics. Pharmacological agents for the management of COPD have shown a beneficial effect on cardiac functions and mortality. Appropriate management of COPD improves the cardiovascular outcomes by reducing hyperinflation and preventing AECOPD, thereby reducing the risk of mortality, improving exercise tolerance, and quality of life.
Respiratory diseases (both acute and chronic) are among the leading of disease burden and mortality. To build further
on the research, it is necessary to understand the population trends and health-seeking behavior about respiratory
diseases. We aimed to evaluate real-life population trends for respiratory diseases, air pollution, and common drugs
used to treat asthma/COPD. We also aimed to compare the trends of chronic respiratory diseases with other noncommunicable diseases prevalent in India. One method to evaluate this behavior is analyzing internet search queries.
Google indexes the internet queries with every search performed and makes this information available to the public
through Google Trends. Google Trends provides Normalized search volumes for selected terms over specific time
ranges and geographic regions, and we evaluated the same for queries in India. IBM-SPSS v26 and Cosinor model of R
3.6.3 were used for data analysis and assessment of seasonality respectively. The search volumes for Asthma and COPD
were relatively lower than those of diabetes, hypertension, and depression. The search volumes for asthma/COPD and
pneumonia showed considerable seasonality. Consistent with the seasonality in asthma and COPD, common drug
combinations for treatment of asthma/COPD showed seasonal variation as well. The search volumes for Salbutamol were
quite higher as compared to ICS-LABA combinations. One of the reasons for seasonal variation for respiratory diseases
in India might be Air pollution, which demonstrated a spike in November every year. The peak month of searches
corresponded to the winter season in India.
Conclusions:Consistent with real-life observations, Google trends for queries related to chronic respiratory diseases
show seasonal variation in India. Targeted interventions, awareness programs, and SEO during the phase month(peak
month) can help in increasing awareness of chronic respiratory diseases in India.
Dear Editor,
The recent studies on combination triple therapy of inhaled corticosteroid, long acting beta2 agonist and long-acting muscarinic antagonist (ICS-LABA-LAMA) in COPD have consistently demonstrated an improvement in exacerbation frequency and/or improvement of lung function...
Rail transportation in India is at the forefront of providing the necessary transportation infrastructure to satisfy the demands of a quickly expanding economy. India currently has the fourth-largest rail network in the entire world. Yet, we have not met international standards in terms of dependability and safety in railway sector. The biggest challenge in conducting a railway analysis is identifying structural flaws. They risk straying and losing their intended course if not properly managed. The proposed device is appropriate for rail transportation since it allows for the early detection and prevention of accidents. This will be installed on the train engine for the user to use the crash sensor. As a result, if a specific crack is discovered on the trail, the train automatically slows down and stops somewhere, and the exact location of the crack is communicated to the control room. Second, the subsequent cause of accidents is avoided by using identical sensors installed on the engine of two vehicles travelling down the same road. The sensor detects the same signal from a different vehicle and automatically applies the brakes and stops the vehicle at a specific distance. Train diversions might take advantage of several losses from train accidents.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.