Design of highly efficient phosphorescent emitters based on metal- and heavy atom-free boron compounds has been demonstrated by taking advantage of the singlet fission process. The combination of a suitable molecular scaffold and appropriate electronic nature of the substituents has been utilized to tailor the phosphorescence emission properties in solution, neat solid, and in doped PMMA thin films.
The synthesis, photophysical, and electrochemical attributes of a novel class of boron difluorides containing an aromatic-fused alicyclic/hetero-alicyclic ring built on a β-iminoenamine chromophoric backbone are reported. The compounds displayed large Stokes shifts (86-121 nm), and were emissive in the solid state. The quantum yields obtained in solution at room temperature were unusually lower by an order of magnitude compared to those in the solid state. Some of the tested compounds displayed aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Single crystal XRD analyses revealed a lack of interplanar π-π interactions, which are presumed to be absent owing to non-planarity of the alicyclic component in the molecule. For most of the studied compounds, time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations invariably reveal intramolecular charge transfer (π-π*) characteristics with the frontier orbitals concentrated on the boron-nitrogen heterocycle. The participation of boron and fluorine atoms was found to be negligible.
The plants of Euphorbiaceae have high medicinal values and their phytochemical composition plays a major role in metal ion reduction. In this research, Euphorbia granulata (EG) the “spurge family” plant extract was used to reduce silver ions to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This nanoparticle formation was observed by UV-VIS spectrophotometric analysis at different times and temperatures to achieve the most optimal conditions. The synthesized biogenic silver nanoparticles (EG-AgNPs) were subjected to FTIR studies. The obtained low-intensity bands of fingerprint region bands (612 cm-1) and aromatic OH bands (3385 cm-1) are identified that the reduction of silver ions (Ag+) into metallic silver (Ag0) nanoparticles. Further, the charge, size, and morphology of the synthesized EG-AgNPs were studied using various spectroscopic methods including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM), FESEM-EDX elemental mapping, and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The notable efficacy of the EG-AgNPs in antimicrobial activity including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) suggested the EG-AgNPs are noteworthy material for biomedical applications. EG-AgNPs exhibited an efficient photocatalytic activity by degrading environmental pollutants, methylene blue (MB), and methyl orange (MO) dyes. The antioxidant property by radical scavenging (DPPH) assay of synthesized AgNPs was studied. Furthermore, the studied antioxidant behavior of EG-AgNPs by DPPH assay strongly supports that the EG-AgNPs are highly suitable materials for anticancer agents.
Methyl orange dye-doped K2SO4 single crystal has been synthesized by a slow evaporation method, and its properties have been investigated. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies on the single crystal confirmed the crystalline property, noncentrosymmetric system, and the space group P63/mmc (D64th) of crystal. The reaction involved in the functional group of the grown crystal has been confirmed from the FTIR analysis. The optical properties of absorbance and band gap were calculated from the UV-Vis analysis. The obtained materials were identified from the EDX analysis. The electron transformation and optical distortion were identified at 270 nm in the photoluminescence study. The transmission electron microscopy method analyzed the morphology of the grown crystal. The dielectrics of the grown crystal were studied. The effect of temperature on the grown crystal was studied using the TG/DTA analysis. The bacterial susceptibility of the grown crystal was evaluated from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All the results demonstrated that the grown crystal is suitable for optical, electronic, and bacterial applications.
Biomedical applications of zirconia nanomaterials were limited in biological systems. In this research, 8–15 nm size zirconia nanoflakes (ZrNFs) were fabricated and their nature, morphology, and biocompatibility were evaluated. The synthesis was carried out using Enicostemma littorale plant extract as an effective reducing and capping agent. Physiochemical properties of prepared ZrNFs were characterized using diverse instrumental studies such as UV‐vis spectrophotometer, Fourier‐transform infrared, powder X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The XRD pattern confirmed the tetragonal phases of ZrNFs and the highest crystallite size of Zr0.02, Zr0.02, and Zr0.06 was 56, 50, and 44 nm, respectively. The morphology of samples was assessed using TEM. Electrophysiological effects of ZrNFs in the cellular interaction process were revealed by the slower rate of electron transfer results in CV demonstration. Biocompatibility of synthesized ZrNFs was studied on A431 human epidermoid carcinoma epithelial cells. The cell viability was increased with an increasing the concentration of nanoflakes up to 6.50–100 μg/mL. The cell viability and observed IC50 values (44.25, 36.49, and 39.62 μg/mL) reveals that the synthesized ZrNFs using E. littorale extract is found to be efficient toxic to A431 cancer cell lines.
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