Persistent poor acoustic conditions can imbalance humans’ psychophysical capabilities. A good acoustic project starts with either correct measurements of the existing acoustic parameters or with the correct hypothesis of new sound conditions. International standards define invasive measurement conditions and procedures that can disturb user activities. For this reason, alternative methodologies have been developed by mounting real-time sound-monitoring devices. Most of the research on these aims to decrease their dimensions in order to be placed in the tight service spaces of modern architecture and to reduce their aesthetic impact on interiors design. In this perspective, this article explores the features and potentialities of textile-based sound sensors (TSS) as they can not only fulfill these needs but can also be used as architectural ornaments by partially wrapping interiors. The ubiquitous of e-textiles for wearable applications has led to increasing the performance of TSS. Therefore, a comparison of the sensitivity values, signal-to-noise ratio and noise floor of sound TSS with sound sensors is presented, which is still missing in the literature. The paper demonstrates how these can be exploited for sound monitoring and can provide valid opportunities for new smart acoustic textiles.
Since the first usage of absorbing structures to modify architectural acoustics the dampening of low frequencies has proven to be a difficult issue. Due to the rise of the population and concentration of said population in urban areas, also known as urban densification, the noise level has risen over the last years. A long-term exposure to noise can lead to serious health problems such as high blood pressure and sleep deprivation. The omnipresent sound in urban areas has a direct impact on the personal well-being. Currently used broadband absorbers work well in a frequency range from 300 Hz to 5 kHz. The dampening of frequencies below 300 Hz, especially below 200 Hz, requires large voluminas due to the wavelength and the absorbing mechanism. To achieve absorption of low frequencies a textile resonator with multiple absorbing mechanisms is proposed. The conversion of energy from the acoustic pressure field in mechanical oscillations as well as heat provides the possibility for efficient absorbers without large voluminas. Compared to common membrane resonators, which similar to Helmholtz resonators use a closed cavity behind the membrane, the textile resonators do not need a closed cavity to generate friction and visco-thermal losses.
Karsten Neuwerk Deutsche Institute für Textil- und Faserforschung (DITF), Denkendorf
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