LETTERSUndercover. Many Alpheidae shrimps live deep in the reef and are impossible to collect nonlethally. Published by AAAS

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Bear Seamount (39 o 55'N 67 o 30'W) is an extinct undersea volcano located inside the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone south of Georges Bank. The fauna associated with the seamount was little known until twenty trawl stations were made 27 December 2000, by the NOAA ship R/V Delaware II. The objective of the survey was to begin to document the biodiversity on and over the seamount, particularly of fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Representatives of most species were preserved as vouchers and for subsequent definitive identification. This report presents a description of the biodiversity. A total of at least 274 species were collected. Preliminary identifications indicate the capture of 115 fish species. Among these were a number of new fish records for the area or rare species, including Acromycter pertubator (Congridae), Diastobranchus capensis (Synaphobranchidae), Alepocephalus bairdii (Alepocephalidae), Mirognathus normani (Alepocephalidae), Bathygadus favosus (Bathygadidae), Nezumia longebarbata (Macrouridae), Gaidropsarus argentatus (Phycidae), Dibranchus tremendus (Ogcocephalidae) and Kali indica (Chiasmodontidae). Only two fish species of potential commercial importance were encountered: Coryphaenoides rupestris and Macrourus berglax. Cephalopods comprised 26 species from 15 families, including one new distributional record and several rarely-collected species. The crustacean fauna was diverse with at least 46 species. Totals for other invertebrate species are pending laboratory identification, but number at least 87 species from 10 Phyla. This includes a number of new distributional records and a new species of gorgonian.

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While one or possibly two species of the genus Photostomias have been recognized, an unpublished revision of the Malacosteinae suggested that there may be as many as six species worldwide. Our review of museum material revealed three taxa in the Atlantic alone: Photostomias atrox Alcock, 1890; Photostomias guernei Collett, 1889; and a new species described herein. Because of a paucity of Indo-Pacific material and a need to better document Atlantic biodiversity, we treat only the Atlantic species at this time. A key to the identification of Atlantic Photostomias is given.

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