Welfare as a means for political stability : a law and society analysisSvensson, Måns; Urinboyev, Rustam; Åström, Karsten General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
This article describes the process of professionalisation in the field of social regulation in Sweden. The aim is to analyse how the state by legislation created the (semi)profession of social workers for local social services and thus for social regulation by public administration. This role was based on one originally created for the legal professions involving tasks performed by volunteers. Through the development of new organisations, social workers developed an important role as employed social investigators. Even though changes in legislation have made room for professional development, the legal professions were not given the central role in the field. In the 1960s and '70s, more social workers were educated, the importance of social investigation was highlighted, and volunteers became subordinated to paid social workers. In these ways, social workers grew as an organizational occupation that gained (semi)professional status in the 1980s.Keywords: Legal professions, social regulation, social workers, organizational occupations, governmentality, social investigation Social control is a basic property of every community and society, and it is formalised in the regulation of how members of the community lead their lives and especially of deviance and normality. The field of social regulation deals with formalised social control, that is, discipline through coercion, punishment, supervision, and correction. A famous description of different penal styles, and thus of different types of social control, was Michel Foucault's Discipline and Punish (1979), contrasting the gruesome public execution of Damiens in Paris in 1757 and the ordered time-table of activities for young prisoners at Mettray Penal Colony eighty years later. In this study, Foucault showed how punishment as a public spectacle was transformed into a disciplinary practice in new kinds of institutions. Prisons and other closed institutions became training camps for many professional groups. Foucault described this field and its institutions as practices where "the psychologists and the minor civil servants of moral orthopaedics proliferate on the wound it leaves" (1979, p.10).Social regulation concerns how the state controls the population. The population consists of individuals that organize their lives primarily through families in which children are socialized. Regulating the lives of families, especially children, allows the state to practice social control with the aim of maintaining social unity through social order. This article shows how this goal generates institutions and organisations with specific tasks. These organisations need people to perform these tasks, people who need to be trained and qualified.
Introduction G ender and water are linked in various ways, with roles, responsibilities, rights and privileges regarding water distributed differently between women and men. Out of the different water use domains, water supply is seen as specifically associated with women, who are traditionally and almost universally regarded as domestic water managers. Over the last few decades, their role has been attributed much dynamism, with an overwhelming emphasis on enhancing their involvement in the water sector from mere 'users' (beneficiaries) to 'managers' (actors), with increased choice and voice in the water management processes so that their access to and control over water resources can be strengthened. Over the last three decades a global policy framework has emerged to increase the influence of women. The role of women as domestic water managers began to be officially recognised at the UN Water Conference, Mar del Plata, Argentina in 1977, prompting the UN to declare the decade of 1981-1990 as 'International drinking water supply and sanitation decade'. This has been followed by a move
The right to water has been recently recognized as a fundamental human right by the United Nations, thereby clarifying its status as ‘legally binding’, making it ‘justiciable’ and enforceable. This development has been heralded as a key that holds great potential to change the lives of the billions who still lack access to clean water. Many of those deprived of enjoyment of the right are children, who constitute up to a third of the population in the developing world. What is the value added of the rights-based approach for access to water, especially for children? Would recognition of the right to water as legally binding deliver real benefits to children in improving their access to water? Does it really offer anything new that can help them realize their right to water more effectively? These questions will be explored in this paper using empirical evidence from India, where water has been legally interpreted as a fundamental right, and as a welfare state, where there has been consistent effort on part of the state to improve children's access to water.
Since access to justice scholarship has gradually become a more multifaceted, international and empirical endeavour, this special issue illustrates a broader scope of contemporary access to justice research from a multi-disciplinary and socio-legal perspective. The issue gathers contributions from European and US scholars, representing different disciplinary backgrounds, such as law, sociology of law, political science, philosophy, social work, and criminology, yet with a common interest in access to justice. This includes the study of various contexts (apart from the courts) and actors (apart from lawyers) who make unilateral legally based decisions that have direct consequences for individuals, or in other ways facilitates or hinders access to justice in a (broader) democratic sense. Through its contributions, this special issue identifies and discusses a variety of barriers and facilitators in areas where access to justice is deemed problematic and therefor highly important for policy and practice development. Dado que los estudios sobre el acceso a la justicia se han convertido gradualmente en una tarea más polifacética, internacional y empírica, este número especial ilustra un ámbito más amplio de la investigación contemporánea sobre el acceso a la justicia desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar y socio-jurídica. El número reúne contribuciones de especialistas europeos y estadounidenses, que representan distintos ámbitos disciplinarios, como el derecho, la sociología del derecho, las ciencias políticas, la filosofía, el trabajo social y la criminología, pero con un interés común por el acceso a la justicia. Esto incluye el estudio de diversos contextos (aparte de los tribunales) y actores (aparte de los abogados) que toman decisiones unilaterales basadas en la ley que tienen consecuencias directas para los individuos, o que de otro modo facilitan o dificultan el acceso a la justicia en un sentido democrático (más amplio). A través de sus contribuciones, este número especial identifica y analiza diversos obstáculos y facilitadores en ámbitos en los que el acceso a la justicia se considera problemático y, por tanto, de gran importancia para el desarrollo de políticas y prácticas. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1351
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.