The results suggest that MMP-1 is responsible for the local invasion and MMP-9 is associated with the malignance and the growth of the tumor. We suggest that the 2G allele of the 1G/2G MMP-1 gene polymorphism may be associated with the lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer and therefore it can be considered as a progression marker in this disease.

Tumoural angiogenesis is essential for the growth and spread of breast cancer cells. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of angiogenesis markers in tumours and there reflecting levels in serum of breast cancer patients. Angiogenin, Ang2, fibroblast growth factor basic, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and VEGF-A were measured using a FASTQuant angiogenic growth factor multiplex protein assay. We observed that breast cancer tumours exhibited high levels of PDGF-BB, bFGF and VEGF, and extremely high levels of TIMP-1 and Ang-2, whereas in serum we found significantly higher levels of Ang-2, PDGF-BB, bFGF, ICAM-1 and VEGF in patients with breast cancer compared to the benign breast diseases patients. Moreover, some of these angiogenesis markers evaluated in tumour and serum of breast cancer patients exhibited association with standard clinical parameters, ER status as well as MVD of tumours. Angiogenesis markers play important roles in tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. Our results suggest that analysis of angiogenesis markers in tumour and serum of breast cancer patients using multiplex protein assay can improve diagnosis and prognosis in this diseases.

Although filaggrin mutations are presently believed to play a key role in AD development, it is also obvious that immunological factors involved in acquired immune response are important for allergic inflammation development. The study reveals association between FLG mutations, IL-10 and IL-13 polymorphisms and AD development. The obtained results highlight the role of interactions between innate and adaptive immune responses in pathogenesis of the disease. Abstract:Background: Although filaggrin mutations are presently believed to play a key role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), obviously also immunological factors involved in acquired immune response are important for the development of allergic inflammation.

. Background:  Primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their regulators (TIMPs and ILs) have been extensively studied as POAG risk factors. Recent reports have showed several single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for MMPs, TIMPs and ILs encoding genes in patients with POAG. The aim of this study was to investigate association of the ‐1607 1G/2G MMP1, ‐the 1562 C/T MMP9, the ‐82 A/G MMP12, the ‐511 C/T IL‐1β and the 372 T/C TIMP1 gene polymorphisms with POAG occurrence and to investigate their impact on main clinical features. Material and methods:  In the present case–control study, we examined group of 511 unrelated Caucasian subjects consist of 255 patients with POAG (mean age 70 ± 15) and 256 controls (mean age 67 ± 16). Determination of genes polymorphic variants was made using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR‐RFLP). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each genotype and allele were calculated. Results:  Presented study showed statistically significant increase in the POAG development risk of the ‐1607 2G/2G MMP1 genotype (OR 1.75; 95% CI, 1.11–2.75; p = 0.014) and for the ‐1607 2G MMP1 allele (OR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.05–1.73; p = 0.017), as well as for the ‐1562 C/T MMP9 genotype (OR 1.74; 95% CI, 1.17–2.59; p = 0.006) and the ‐1562 T MMP9 allele (OR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.10–2.17; p = 0.012) in patients with POAG in comparison with healthy control group. We also observed positive association of the ‐511 T/T IL‐1β genotype (OR 2.60; 95% CI, 1.41–4.80; p = 0.002) as well as the ‐511 T IL‐1β allele occurrence with an increased POAG development risk (OR 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13–1.90; p = 0.003). Furthermore, we found an association of the ‐1607 1G/2G MMP1, ‐1562 C/T MMP9 (anova, p < 0.001) and the ‐511 C/T IL‐1β gene polymorphism (anova, p < 0.05) with decreased retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with POAG group. Results displayed also an association of the 372 T/C TIMP1 gene polymorphism with normal range RNFL (anova, p < 0.001). We observed an association of decreased RA value (rim area) with the ‐82 A/G MMP12 (anova, p < 0.001). Normal RA value was observed in patients with POAG group connected with the 372 T/C TIMP1 (anova, p < 0.05) and the ‐511 C/T IL‐1β (anova, p < 0.05) genes polymorphisms occurrence. Finally, results showed an association of the ‐1562 C/T MMP9 (anova, p < 0.001) gene polymorphism with decreased cup/disc index in patients with POAG group. Conclusion:  In conclusion, we suggest that the ‐1607 1G/2G MMP1, ‐1562 C/T MMP9, ‐511 C/T IL‐1β gene polymorphisms can be considered as an important risk factors associated with POAG.

No abstract