The paper presents the results of antimony removal from the Dúbrava water resource using a pilot plant system capable of taking samples from different heights of adsorption materials. The adsorbents GEH, CFH12, CFH18, and Bayoxide E33 and two experimental stainless columns with bleeder valves located at heights of 20, 45, and 70 cm of the adsorption media and 91 cm (GEH), 94 cm (CFH18), 87 cm (CFH12), and 87 cm (Bayoxide E33) filter media high were used. The results of the experiments show that the most suitable material for removing antimony from water is GEH. For an antimony concentration of 78.4-108.0 μg/L in raw water and a filtration rate of 5.6-5.9 m/h, the limit concentration of 5 μg/L at the outlet of the 70-cm high adsorption media was reached at the bed volume 1788. In a case when the media height was 91 cm, the antimony concentration in the treated water would reach the limit value of 5 μg/L after a 672-h operation of the stainless column at the bed volume 4256. Under these conditions, the adsorption capacity was calculated at 184 μg/g. The adsorption capacities and bed volumes of the other adsorbents were lower in comparison to GEH.
Elemental antimony (Sb) is a silvery white, brittle solid that, along with arsenic and bismuth, belongs to group VA of the periodic table. It is classified as both a metal and a metalloid.Antimony is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 0.2-0.5 mg/kg. It is seldom found in the environment as a pure element, but it is often found as trivalent and pentavalent sulphides and chlorides. Antimony may enter the aquatic environment by way of natural weathering of rocks, runoff from soils, effluents from mining and manufacturing operations, and industrial and municipal leachate discharges.Antimony is present in water as Sb Antimony is a toxic heavy metal with effects similar to those of arsenic and lead. Intoxication by antimony is not as severe as that from arsenic, since the antimony compounds are absorbed more slowly. The findings on the health aspects of certain heavy metals in drinking water are included in several publications [3][4][5]. The World Health Organization and institutions dealing with monitoring carcinogens have not yet classified antimony as a carcinogen.Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 24, No. 5 (2015), 1983-1992 Original Research AbstractThe objective of this work was to verify the sorption properties of granular filter materials (GEH, CFH12, Bayoxide E33) during the process of removing antimony from water, and to monitor the impact of magnetic and electromagnetic fields on the effectiveness of removing antimony from water. Pilot tests showed that the use of iron-based sorption materials could possibly decrease the antimony content in water to the values limited for drinking water (5 µg/L Sb). The most suitable adsorbent for removing antimony was GEH. At a concentration of antimony in raw water of 81.4 µg/L and a filtration rate of 3.4 m/h, a value of bed volume 2,030 and adsorption capacity of 144.7 µg/g was determined; at the filtration rate of 5.6 m/h, the bed volume was 1,342, and the adsorption capacity was 96.8 µg/g achieved at breakthrough concentration 5 μg Sb/L. The results presented from testing the effects of a permanent magnet and electromagnet in removing antimony are not well known, as only a few experiments have been conducted.
The objective of this work was to verify the sorption properties of granular filter materials (GEH, Bayoxide E33, CFH12) during the process of removing antimony from water. Pilot tests showed that the use of iron-based sorption materials could possibly decrease the antimony content in water to the values limited for drinking water. At an average concentration of antimony in raw water of 58.3 μg/L and the empty bed contact time 6.0 for GEH, 6.4 for Bayoxide E33 and 6.3 for CFH12, the value of bed volume 1,700 for GEH, 715 for Bayoxide E33 and 790 for CFH12 achieved at breakthrough concentration 5 μg Sb/L was determined. Considering the values of bed volume GEH was the most suitable adsorbent for the removal of antimony from water.
The objective of this work was to verify the sorption properties of granular filter materials (GEH, READ-As) during the process of removing antimony from water. The pilot tests showed that the use of sorption materials could possibly decrease the antimony content in water to the values limited for drinking water (5 μg/L Sb). A more suitable adsorbent for removing antimony was READ-As. At a concentration of antimony in raw water ranging from 21.5 to 31.1 μg/L, a filtration rate of 5.58 m/h, the value of the bed volume of 3,967, and the adsorption capacity of 128.4 μg/g, which was achieved at a breakthrough concentration of 5 μg Sb/L, were determined. The surface characteristics of the sorption materials used through the physical adsorption of nitrogen, mercury porosimetry, X-ray microanalysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were studied.
According to the World Health Organization, chemical and microbial contaminants in drinking water will continue in the interest of suppliers of drinking water. The review establishment of new knowledge for drinking water including the potential benefi ts of the mineral content is necessary. The paper is focused on an assessment of the quality of water from surface source for drinking water preparation and quality of drinking water produced at the real plant. The lab-scale verifi cation of water recarbonization with lime and carbon dioxide was chosen based on the results of full scale plant data analysis. Recarbonization tests were carried out with the raw water and the impact of recarbonization on coagulation process at different coagulant doses was studied. The results show that water recarbonization had adverse infl uence on the water treatment processes.
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