Aim To assess ovarian reserve, in infertile women with genital tuberculosis, planning to undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to compare it with infertile women without genital tuberculosis, planning to undergo IVF. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 100 women with genital tuberculosis and the control group of 100 women who had no present or past history of tuberculosis. A diagnosis of genital tuberculosis was made based either on the results of tests performed from an endometrial aspiration sample or on histopathologic, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, or laparoscopy findings. Basal ovarian reserve studies included measuring serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and E2 on day 3 of a natural cycle. On the same day, the participants underwent a transvaginal ultrasound examination by means of a two-dimensional 5.0 MHz probe fitted to a Toshiba Famio 5. Ovarian volume and number of antral follicles were estimated for each ovary on the same day of hormonal assessment. Control participants underwent the same tests on day 2 or 3 of their menstrual cycle. Unpaired or independent t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results The present study highlights that women with genital tuberculosis have poor ovarian reserve in comparison to women of similar age without tuberculosis. Conclusion It can be concluded that there is no single absolute method of assessing ovarian reserve, but a combination of methods can closely predict the outcome of IVF cycles in women with genital tuberculosis. How to cite this article Hans PS, Swarankar ML, Garg S, Chowdhary M, Tiwari K. Effect of Tuberculosis on Ovarian Reserve of Patients undergoing IVF. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2):73-83.
Utero-vaginal prolapse (UV) is a common condition affecting millions of women worldwide, and a major cause of gynecological surgery. Although it is not life threatening but, it can have a severe impact on quality of life. Prolapse is a protrusion of a pelvic organs beyond its normal anatomical confines and it represents the failure of fibromuscular support to maintain normal position. Urodynamic Study (UDS) is the dynamic study of the transport, storage and evacuation of urine. The ultimate goal of urodynamics is to aid in the correct diagnosis of urinary incontinence based on pathophysiology. Urodynamic studies assess both the filling storage phase and the voiding phase of the bladder and urethral function. AIM: of this study is to assess the role of urodynamic measures in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) patients for identifying the urinary problems concomitant with prolapse for proper management. The use of urodynamic tests are for diagnosis, prognosis, guidance of clinical management and decision for type of surgery that results in improvement of patient outcomes with various urological conditions. KEYWORDS: With Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Urodynamic Study Urinary Incontinence. INTRODUCTION:Utero-vaginal prolapse (UV) is a common condition affecting millions of women worldwide, and a major cause of gynecological surgery. Although it is not life threatening but, it can have a severe impact on quality of life.Prolapse is a protrusion of a pelvic organs beyond its normal anatomical confines and it represents the failure of fibromuscular support to maintain normal position. (1) Two third of affected women have concominent cystocele and/or rectocele. Cystocele is primarily the result of weakened pubocervical fascia. (2) Women with UV prolapse may present with a wide range of lower urinary tract symptoms. The prolapse may mechanically obstruct the urethra, leading to bladder outlet obstruction, impede voiding and mask urinary incontinence. (3) The pathophysiology of Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) and Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) are related and can be considered multifactorial. These factors may be divided into intrinsic (Genetic, age, postmenopausal status, ethinicity) and extrinsic components (Parity, history of previous delivery, co-morbidities and patient's occupation). Overall, irrespective of the inciting factor, the end result is the same: an anatomical defect in the endopelvicfascial layer leads to prolapse. The clinical factors involved in prolapse are damage of the soft tissues sustained during pregnancy and weakening of pelvic floor tissue during menopause. (4) Prolapse and urinary incontinence often occur concomitantly. Anterior vaginal wall prolapse may present as stress incontinence. A large cystocele may cause uretheral kinking and overflow incontinence. Uterine descent can cause lower back and sacral pain. Enterocele may cause only vague symptoms of vaginal discomfort. A rectocele can lead to incomplete evacuation of stool. Stress incontinence is described as the involuntary leakage of urin...
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