Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 17,000 islands of varying sizes and elevations, from lowlands to very high mountains, stretching more than 5000 km eastward from Sabang in Aceh to Merauke in Papua. Although occupying only 1.3% of the world’s land area, Indonesia possesses the third-largest rainforest and the second-highest level of biodiversity, with very high species diversity and endemism. However, during the last two decades, Indonesia has been known as a country with a high level of deforestation, a producer of smoke from burning forests and land, and a producer of carbon emissions. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental history and the long process of Indonesian forest management towards achieving environmental sustainability and community welfare. To do this, we analyze the milestones of Indonesian forest management history, present and future challenges, and provide strategic recommendations toward a viable Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) system. Our review showed that the history of forestry management in Indonesia has evolved through a long process, especially related to contestation over the control of natural resources and supporting policies and regulations. During the process, many efforts have been applied to reduce the deforestation rate, such as a moratorium on permitting primary natural forest and peat land, land rehabilitation and soil conservation, environmental protection, and other significant regulations. Therefore, these efforts should be maintained and improved continuously in the future due to their significant positive impacts on a variety of forest areas toward the achievement of viable SFM. Finally, we conclude that the Indonesian government has struggled to formulate sustainable forest management policies that balance economic, ecological, and social needs, among others, through developing and implementing social forestry instruments, developing and implementing human resource capacity, increasing community literacy, strengthening forest governance by eliminating ambiguity and overlapping regulations, simplification of bureaucracy, revitalization of traditional wisdom, and fair law enforcement.
East Kalimantan provincial government supports Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) commitment by developing Green Growth Compact (GGC) initiative. This initiative emphasizes participatory and collaborative efforts among stakeholders at different levels and roles in forest management. One of the prototype initiatives currently under development is the management of mangrove forest areas in Mahakam delta. This paper aims to provide information on the process of involving the parties by identifying more details about the role, importance and influence of stakeholders on the Mahakam delta area in order to support the initiative. Data collected through interviews, observation, documents study and using stakeholder analysis. The analysis showed that stakeholders concerned have a direct and influential role can be broadly divided into three main sub-groups: those who provide services needed for the sustainable use and management of these resources (mainly government, NGOs); KPHP (Production Forest Management Unit/FMU) Mahakam delta, Mangrove Lestari Foundation, and Planete Urgence/Bioma Foundation; those who are directly involved in production and trade of oil and gas: Pertamina Hulu Mahakam Company, Pertaminan Hulu Sanga-Sanga Company and Chevron Indonesia; those who are directly involved in production and trade of marine products: Conventional Shrimp Farmers Group and Sustainable Shrimp Farmers Group. Also, there are several parties or stakeholders are classified in the secondary and key stakeholders. This paper supports and provides information and inputs for such initiatives and better management efforts of FMU Mahakam delta.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.