Introducción: Los gemelos siameses hacen referencia de la presencia de dos fetos unidos entre sí en distintas zonas anatómicas por consecuencia de una imperfecta separación del disco embrionario que normalmente sucede alrededor del día 13 de la concepción. Antecedentes: Se presenta de manera rara que acontece en 1 por cada 100,000 nacimientos. La clasificación depende del sitio de unión de los gemelos. Para el diagnóstico se requiere imágenes ecográficas de amplio espectro minucioso debido que se puede visualizar otras patologías acompañantes presentes en los gemelos. Presentación de caso: Gemelos parápagos dicéfalos, sin controles prenatales previos en el cual llegó a emergencia por dolor tipo contráctil de moderada intensidad en hipogastrio irradiado a región lumbrosacra, se realizó un eco obstétrico donde reporta producto único bicéfalo presentación, latidos cardíacos presentes 149 por minuto, vejiga, estómago único, riñones fetales normales, tórax normal presente dos columnas vertebrales, un corazón con cuatro cámaras, manos normales, piernas en varo y pies equinovaro. Conclusión: Con la siguiente revisión de caso, pretendo llegar a todo el personal de salud con el claro objetivo de proporcionar información actualizada del diagnóstico, manejo y tratamiento de gemelos parápagos dicéfalos. Área de estudio general: medicina. Área de estudio específica: ginecología y obstetricia.
Introduction: Vitamin D is a hormone synthesized in the skin, by the presence of the "precursor molecule 7-dehicrocholesterol" whose action depends directly on the stimulus of ultraviolet rays for the production of cholecalciferol. It has several functions including a fundamental role in mediating the response of the immune system, plays modulatory actions, counteracts inflammatory, oxidative and fibrotic activity, and consequently regulates autoimmune tissue lesions. As it possesses an immunomodulatory property, is related to the appearance and progression of autoimmune disorders. Objective: To describe the role of vitamin D in autoimmune rheumatologic diseases. Methods: A narrative review was performed, collecting information from January 2019 to January 2023 in scientific databases such as: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using keywords. Results: Vitamin D in autoimmune rheumatic diseases influences the control and decrease of inflammatory activity, slows its speed of progression and improves clinical manifestations, although there is no total consensus on the mode of use, however, its supplementation has a great benefit. Conclusions: The role of Vitamin D in autoimmune rheumatic diseases varies according to the underlying pathology, in combination with bisphosphonates it can improve bone mineral density in spondyloarthropathies, prevent osteoporosis, improve the clinical picture of SLE and Systemic Sclerosis, but it can increase antibody levels in Connective Tissue Diseases.
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