Objective: To investigate the relationship between craniofacial measurements obtained from cephalometric radiographs and analogous measurements from profile photographs. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms and standardized facial profile photographs were obtained from a sample of 123 subjects (65 girls, 58 boys; age 7-12 years). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated from repeated photographic measurements to evaluate method reliability. Analogous cephalometric and photographic measurements were compared to assess Pearson correlation coefficients. Linear regression analyses were conducted between the measurements that achieved correlation coefficients greater than r 5 0.7. Results: The reliability of the photographic technique was satisfactory. Most measurements showed ICCs above 0.80 and highly significant correlations (P # .001) with cephalometric variables. Among all measurements used, the A'N'B' angle was the most effective in explaining the variability of its analogous cephalometric, mainly for female subjects (r 2 5 0.80). The FMA' angle showed the best results for vertical assessment (r 2 5 0.65). Conclusions: The photographic method has proven to be a repeatable and reproducible tool provided that a standardized protocol is followed. Therefore, it may be considered a feasible and practical diagnostic alternative, particularly if there is a need for a low-cost and noninvasive method.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between tooth agenesis and skeletal malocclusions in Brazilian non-syndromic orthodontic patients.Material and MethodsPretreatment orthodontic records of 348 patients of both genders and with various skeletal malocclusions were examined. Tooth agenesis was evaluated in panoramic radiographs. Angular measurements were taken from lateral cephalometric radiographs to classify the patient’s malocclusion as skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, “with tooth agenesis” and “without tooth agenesis”. Chi-square or Fisher exact test was used to compare categorical data. ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test was used for means comparisons. An alpha of 5% was established. ResultsFrom 348 analysed patients, 28 presented tooth agenesis. There was no difference between genders (P = 0.27) nor mean age (P = 0.16). The most prevalent skeletal malocclusion was Class I (63.11%), followed by Class II (25.94%), and Class III (10.95%). The mean of congenitally missing teeth was 1.3 (SD 0.13). Thirteen subjects had premolar agenesis, 13 upper lateral incisor agenesis, 4 lower incisor agenesis and 2 molars agenesis. The group with tooth agenesis presented A point-nasion-B point (ANB) angle smaller (1.66 [SD 2.52]) than the group without tooth agenesis (2.86 [SD 2.49]) (P = 0.01). ANB angle had a negative correlation with the number of congenitally missing teeth (P = 0.039; r = -0.39).ConclusionsTooth agenesis is associated with a smaller A point-nasion-B point angle and is negatively correlated with the number of congenitally missing teeth.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the published evidence regarding the association between head and cervical posture and craniofacial morphology. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases up to 23 March 2012. Abstracts that seemed to correspond with the goals of this review were selected by a consensus between two independent reviewers. The original articles were retrieved and evaluated to ensure they match the inclusion criteria. Only articles that directly compared head and/or cervical posture with craniofacial morphology were included. A total of 84 articles were found of which 12 matched all inclusion criteria. Detailed analysis of the methodology in selected articles revealed quality scores ranging from 'weak' to 'moderate'. Nine articles were cross-sectional studies, whereas only three were longitudinal studies. The findings of selected articles were linked together in order to clarify the evidence on sagittal and vertical craniofacial features as well as growth prediction regarding different postures of the head and neck. On the basis of the data obtained from the literature, significant associations were found between variables concerning head and cervical posture and craniofacial morphology. However, the results of this systematic review suggest that such associations should be carefully interpreted, considering that correlation coefficients found ranged from low to moderate. Moreover, conflicting results were observed regarding some postural variables. Further longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the relationship between the development of craniofacial morphology and functional aspects of head and cervical posture.
Por meio de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre o polimorfismo P561T em GHR (rs6184) com a maloclusão de Classe III esquelética em diferentes populações. Métodos: Uma ampla pesquisa de estudos foi realizada utilizando os bancos de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar e Open Grey até dezembro de 2018. O desenho do estudo de acordo com o PECOS foi: P-Pacientes ortodônticos; Polimorfismo P561T em GHR; Causência de polimorfismo P561T em GHR ; O-alterações na dimensão linear das medidas maxilares e mandibulares; S-Estudos transversais. Os estudos selecionados foram qualificados pela qualidade metodológica em uma escala de 10 pontos. A avaliação em subgrupos. O subgrupo foi realizada de acordo com as medidas lineares avaliadas em dois ou mais estudos, como a seguir: altura corporal, N-S, A'-PTM ', Gn-Go, Pog'-Go. Foi utilizado o modelo de efeito fixo e as diferenças médias foram realizada usando a metanálise de variância inversa. O I 2 (95%) foi utilizado para medir heterogeneidade estatística entre estudos, em que valores de I 2 de 25%, 50% e 75% significaram baixa, média e alta heterogeneidade, respectivamente. Resultados: A pesquisa inicial identificou 146 estudos. Após excluir resumos duplicados, 138 foram selecionados. Sete estudos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática. Apenas 1 estudo foi classificado como de baixa qualidade metodológica. Três estudos foram incluídos na meta-análise. A metaanálise demonstrou uma associação entre a medida linear Co-Go e o genótipo CC (p<0,0001), com diferença média e intervalo de confiança de 3,79 [2,06; 5,52]. CC foi associado com maior altura mandibular. Conclusão: O polimorfismo P561T em GHR está associado à medida Co-Go em asiáticos, com baixo nível de evidência.
<p>Temporomandibular disorders, sleep disturbances by airway obstruction and craniocervical posture changes constitute some of the problems that have been related to hyperdivergent class II patients. Although cephalometric radiographs represent the gold standard for diagnosing craniofacial morphology in clinical practice, it might not be feasible for large-scale epidemiological research. <strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to test the validity of a new photographic method in diagnosing hyperdivergent class II patients for epidemiological research purposes. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Lateral cephalograms and profile photographs were obtained from 123 subjects assigned into two groups. 51 patients comprised the hyperdivergent class II group and the other 72 composed a second group. Discriminant analysis described a mathematical model to better diagnose hyperdivergent class II patients through photographs. <strong>Results:</strong> A canonical discriminant function composed of two photographic variables correctly classified 85% of the hyperdivergent class II patients during internal validation (p < 0.001). The method showed 83% sensitivity and 73% specificity in external validation procedure. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The photographic method may be a feasible and practical alternative for diagnosing the hyperdivergent class II patient, particularly if there is a need for a low-cost and noninvasive method. </p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>
Background: To evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms in FGF3, FGF10, and FGF13 are associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients that presented dentofacial deformities requiring orthognathic surgery. Material and Methods: The sample comprised a total of 113 patients of both sexes. The diagnosis of TMD was performed before orthognathic surgery between Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC-TMD). According to the TMD assessment, the patients were divided into 3 major groups: myofascial pain, articular disc displacements and other TMD conditions (arthralgia, arthritis, and arthrosis). Genomic DNA was collected from saliva samples and genetic polymorphisms in FGF3 (rs1893047 and rs7932320), FGF10 (rs900379) and FGF13 (rs5931572 and rs5974804) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reactions. The association between the TMD conditions and the genetic polymorphisms assessed were analyzed by Poisson Regression. The model was calculated on bivariate and adjusted by sex. The established alpha was 5%. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results: The genetic polymorphisms rs7932320 in FGF3 (P < 0.001) and rs900379 in FGF10 (P < 0.05) were associated with the presence of muscle disorder. The genetic polymorphisms rs1893047 in FGF3, rs900379 in FGF10, and rs5974804 and rs5931572 in FGF13, were associated with the presence of disk displacement (P < 0.05). The genetic polymorphisms rs1893047 and rs7932320 in FGF3, rs900379 in FGF10, and rs900379 in FGF10 were associated with other TMD conditions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms in FGF3, FGF10, and FGF13 genes were associated with temporomandibular disorders in a population with dentofacial deformities.
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