The population explosion has lead to a markedly increased exploitation of our natural environment, hence the expression „sustainable development“ has become a catch phrase. In a historical perspective ecological problems recently became acute and this is why it is necessary to act quickly. It is obvious that we have to pay extreme attention to how we treat our environment and our sources. This necessarily will be reflected in the actions of the lawmakers in the future, and for the building industry the results will be that the authorities will enforce new law and regulations with direct consequences for the choice of materials and building techniques. There will be developed a set of standards dealing with environmental matters, putting limitations especially on the consumption of natural resources. Some countries already has standards dealing with various ecological aspects, like recirculation, down cycling, etc. The customers will prefer building products and systems that can document compliance with environmental attitudes. For all activities the environmental burden will be evaluated and limited by laws and regulations. Consequently the industry’s accountability for the environment will be a prerequisite for remaining in business.
Many planners and clients (prospective building owners) are not sufficiently prepared for the building renovation. This reorientation calls for new means of help and abilities. A special importance belongs in this respect to the rating of the existing building substance (building stock). A sufficient reason to develop a new method for this purpose deliberately. The Rough Diagnosis of the building provides the picture of the building condition and of the costs for the repair of defects. The division of the building into Rough Diagnosis Elements improves the overview of the building condition and suggestions for measures. These measures can be compared in a transparent manner and related to individual stages. These pieces of knowledge facilitate the clear guidelines for project elaboration and costs, cut out according to needs and possibilities of the customer.
Reinforced and pre-stressed concrete have been used increasingly for various kinds of complex structures in the past decades. The structures assembled from panels belong into this group. The current design methods rely on linear elastic analyses based on empirically derived material laws assuming homogeneous and isotropic material. Practical experience and various investigations however have indicated that majority of structures and structural elements are in fact stressed beyond the range of linear elastic behavior. In addition, long term effects may have a significant influence on the structural behavior of this category of structures and structural members.
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