Severe inflammatory disorders such as sepsis are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is regarded as a key feature involved in inflammation pathogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the impact of the omega‐3 fatty acid‐derived lipid mediator Resolvin E1 (RvE1) on mitochondrial function in experimental pulmonary inflammation. RvE1 was found to exert anti‐inflammatory properties in human alveolar epithelial cells during severe inflammation. RvE1 is capable of restoring inflammation‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and the impaired imbalance of mitochondrial fission and fusion. Experimental inhibition of mitochondrial fission with Mdivi‐1 in our model is associated with a significantly reduced inflammatory response and improved mitochondrial function. These findings suggest a novel functional mechanism for the beneficial effects of RvE1 in experimental pulmonary inflammatory reactions.
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