Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in methanolic extracts of 10 fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum .L) genotypes from north India were evaluated, using different in vitro assays, together with total carotenoid, α-tocopherol and total ascorbate content. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using total antioxidant activity (Phosphomolybdenum method), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2'-azinobis (3ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonate (ABTS) assay, hydroxy radical scavenging assay, superoxide radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging and β-carotene-linoleate bleaching assay. The total phenol content (TPC) varied from (48.766 ± 0.042 mg GAE g -1 extract) in RMt-303 to (36.204 ± 0.371 mg GAE g -1 extract) in UM-265. RMt-303 also showed higher flavonoid (4.682 ± 0.105 mg QE g -1 extract), α-tocopherol (171.918 ± 11.722 µg g -1 dry wt.) and total ascorbate content (359.884 ± 30.886 µg g -1 dry wt.). Higher free radical scavenging activity, viz., ABTS radical (IC 50 = 303.380 ± 4.170 µg ml -1 extract), superoxide radical (IC 50 = 152.040 ± 3.290 µg ml -1 extract) and nitric oxide scavenging (IC 50 = 142.160 ± 0.320 µg ml -1 extract) was observed in RMt-1. The genotypes showed significant difference (p 0.05) with respect to phytochemical content and corresponding a ntioxida nt activity. The phytochemicals, viz., α-tocopherol and total a scorbate content within the genotypes showed a significa nt positive correlation (i.e., 0.517 and 0.546) with antioxidant activity (TAA) exhibited by the genotypes. Significant positive correlation (0.659) was observed between phenol and flavonoid content within the genotypes. The findings of the present investigation clearly show variation in phytochemical content and antioxidant activity among fenugreek genotypes. Thus, variation in antioxidant property among the genotypes may be attributed to the variation in phytochemical content which may be due to genetic differences among the fenugreek genotypes.
Phytochemical content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in various extracts, i.e., methanol, ethanol and water (aqueous), prepared from leaves and roots of Gentiana kurroo Royle were evalua ted. Highest phenol, fla vonoid, anthocya nin and gallotanin content was observed in methanolic root extract, i.e., 77.85 ± 3.91, 44.761 ± 0.63, 6.253 ± 0.14 and 3.956 ± 0.09 mg/g extract, respectively. Aqueous extract showed least phytochemical content among all the extracts. Highest antioxidant activity was also observed in methanol root and leaf extracts. Highest DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activity (IC 50 ; µg/ml), i.e., 316.290 ± 1.72 and 142.759 ± 0.258, respectively was observed in methanolic root extract. The extract also showed highest metal ion chelating ability (EC 50 ), i.e., 1162.525 ± 81.293, mg/ml. There was a positive correlation between phytochemical and antioxidant activities in different extracts. The extracts showed significant (p 0.05) cytotoxic activity against pathogens like S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli and S. typhimurium. In general, highest cytotoxicity was observed in root extracts against the respective bacteria. The result of the present study clearly reveals the presence of significant phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in roots and leaves of G. kurroo Royle. The plant also showed antibacterial properties and, therefore, tends to be a potential candidate for treatment of oxidative stress and other pathogenic diseases.
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