Pour leurs suggestions et remarques, je tiens à remercier les deux rapporteurs anonymes de la revue. Mes remerciements s'adressent également aux membres du jury de ma thèse dont cet article reprend la première partie :
The aim of this article is to analyse the question of career interruptions and to evaluate their impact on pension retirement for French private sector workers. Using the last French survey on households' wealth (2003)(2004), we first study the career set-backs for individuals born between 1937 and 1949. We highlight the new trends in professional paths. The risk of unemployment and job flexibility has sharply risen. As a consequence, some cohorts appear to be more exposed to career interruptions. Second, we determine how pension rights for French employees are affected by different career accidents. We consider unemployment, part-time employment and inactivity periods. Our results show how, by compensating for some career accidents, the French legislation allows individuals to receive, in some cases, the same level of social security pension that they would have received with a smooth professional path. The Geneva Papers (2011Papers ( ) 36, 440-457. doi:10.1057Papers ( /gpp.2011 Keywords: career interruption; pensions; social security IntroductionThe retirement age and the standard of living of pensioners depend on a variety of individual and familial life routes: age of employment entry, children, life expectancy, unemployment, inactivity, etc. These deviations from a continuous career are more frequent than in the past in most OECD countries and could induce a strong impact on the age of retirement and on pension benefits. 1 The aim of this article is to evaluate the effects of several cases of career breaks on the retirement pension for French workers.The literature dealing with this subject highlights the specific situation of women. A lot of studies provide an analysis of women's career interruptions due to childbirth. Arun et al.2 and Malo and Munoz-Bullon 3 conduct this type of study respectively in the Australian and British cases. According to Arun et al., Arun et al. (2004). 3 Malo and Munoz-Bullon (2008). The Geneva Papers, 2011, 36, (440-457) r 2011 The International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics 1018-5895/11 www.genevaassociation.org women face income penalties because of their child-related career breaks. show that women tend to choose lower-prestige occupations in anticipation of their career interruptions. Nakamura and Ueda 4 investigate the determinants of career interruption following childbirth for married women in Japan. Their results show the difficulty for an educated woman to find an equivalent position when she quits her job due to childbirth. From Danish data, Gupta and Smith 5 assess the negative impact of children on mothers' human capital accumulation. In most cases, the number of children has a negative effect on women's wages and consequently on women's pensions.While children affect particularly women's careers, others career break determinants could be identified. The literature on the French case [6][7][8][9][10] shows that many individuals are now affected by several breaks during their professional trajectory due to unemployment, early retirement, par...
« I-Avis technique sur la durée d'assurance de la génération 1956 II-Réflexions sur les règles d'acquisition des droits et de calcul des pensions » * Secrétariat général du Conseil d'Orientation des Retraites (COR) Les auteurs remercient Yves Guégano et Didier Blanchet, ainsi que les deux rapporteurs anonymes de la revue pour leurs relectures et leurs remarques. Les auteurs restent seuls responsables des jugements exprimés et des erreurs éventuelles de cet article, qui n'engage pas les institutions auxquelles ils appartiennent. 1. Pour des données statistiques récentes plus détaillées, concernant le secteur privé et la fonction publique, voir COR, 2011.
La mesure de l’élasticité de l’offre de travail des femmes à leurs revenus est un champ d’analyse peu unifié, laissant plusieurs questions méthodologiques et empiriques ouvertes. Cet article vise à donner des repères sur les stratégies d’estimation mobilisées dans la littérature empirique et à recenser les estimations menées sur la France. La plupart des études menées sur les vingt dernières années qui explicitent cette élasticité reposent sur l’estimation de modèles structurels à choix discret d’heures, plus flexibles que les modèles à offre continue pour rendre compte de la complexité du contexte décisionnel. Si les élasticités publiées sont dispersées, en raison de différences de date, de champ et de spécification, les résultats convergent sur le fait que l’élasticité de l’offre de travail des femmes est plus élevée que pour les hommes, notamment lorsqu’elles sont en couple et mères de jeunes enfants. En revanche, les résultats divergent sur la sensibilité de l’offre des femmes à celle de leur conjoint, ce qui questionne la modélisation des interactions stratégiques au sein des ménages.
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