The study focuses on the design of load-bearing monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete walls of low-rise buildings erected from permanent formwork ComBlock units for construction, in areas without episodic influences and analysis of their work. While developing the recommendations the main attention was paid to working out design solutions of load-bearing monolithic walls with minimal reinforcement consumption. The guidelines contain general provisions for the design and calculation of load-bearing vertical elements of a house; numerous studies of the stress-strain state of monolithic vertical load-bearing elements of low-rise buildings with different structural schemes.
To date, effective codes of Ukraine limit settlement of foundations of metallic silos to 15 cm. To provide normative settlement of foundation with diameter up to 40 m and more is not always possible without additional essential measures for strengthening or changing base soils. Taking into account high levels of loads, soils of bases in natural condition can not carry stress under the base of foundation and require strengthening. Execution of works on change of soils of bases or installation of soil cushions is not always possible taking into account underflooding of territory, building development that exist near at hand, or other complicating factors. Soil cement after Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) technology, Jet Grouting, injection and micropiles were considered for different types of strengthening taking into account application in great volumes. From analysis of the obtained results, it was determined that soil cement after Deep Soil Mixing technology is the most economically justified method. Application of Jet Grouting is justified during strengthening of soil thicknesses locally separated by depth. Injection and micropiles are used appropriately only in conditions of reconstruction under absence of direct access to the base.
New regulatory documents have been adopted and they have significant differences. Firstly, this is a new concept of calculation, a nonlinear deformation model, and secondly, new approaches to the assessment of reliability, loads and impacts, methods of construction. The calculation consists of two stages. The first begins with the determination of the concrete class at temperature of 20ºC. At the second stage, the calculation is carried out at high temperatures according to Eurocode 2 part 1-2. Comparison of the “stress - strain” diagram of concrete class at compression and temperature of 20ºC by two formulae showed their big gap. There was a need to improve the mathematical model of the ratio of stress-strain of the concrete under elevated temperatures. The method of determination of maximum strain based on energy approach has been developed in the work and allowed to formulate the adjusted dependence of the limit strain on temperature, dependence of maximum strain on temperature, values of the parameters of stress-strain diagram.
When performing calculations to assess reliability of hydraulic structures of cascades of hydroschemes on the basis of probabilistic methods, the necessity to simulate random natural-climatic phenomena producing loads and effects on hydraulic structures arises. In particular, statistical series of random quantities of such important natural-climatic phenomena are considered: annual lowest average monthly temperatures, annual maximal amplitudes of average monthly temperatures. Each of the enumerated natural-climatic phenomena is characterized by presence of close correlation connections between random quantities when passing from one hydroscheme of the cascade to another. The necessity to consider correlation connections requires construction (simulation) of joint distribution law of random quantities system. The purpose of the work is simulation of joint distribution law of system of random variables that do not satisfy the normal distributions, taking into account correlation connections between random variables when passing from one hydroscheme of the cascade to another. Methods of the theory of correlation and methods of mathematical statistics with the use of software package MathCad were used in the course of the investigation. Simulation of joint law of distribution of system of random variables that do not satisfy normal distributions, taking into account correlation connections between random variables when passing from one hydroscheme of the cascade to another, and also assessment of accuracy of results, that were performed, have shown advantages of this approach from the viewpoint of accuracy of results obtained by different procedures. The results can be used in probabilistic calculations of reliability of hydraulic structures and cascades of hydroschemes.
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