Populations all over the world are increasingly inactive and are consuming increasing quantities of fats and sugars, which is generally linked to industrially processed foods. The consequences have rapidly manifest as an increase in overweight/obesity and in physiological and metabolic changes, such as the Metabolic Syndrome, which is a series of changes in glycemia, lipids and blood pressure. There is evidence of a close relationship between these changes and inflammatory processes, which can also be linked to oxidative stress. These conditions lead to the pathogenesis of vascular abnormalities or intensify metabolic processes that accompany the metabolic syndrome. The objective of this review is to compare the large number of bibliographic references that show correlations between components of the Metabolic Syndrome and increases in the mediators of inflammation. The publications reviewed were located using the Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs and Scielo databases and the majority of the articles selected were published within the last 5 years.Keywords: metabolic syndrome ; arteriosclerosis; inflammation. ResumoObserva-se, nas populações mundiais, aumento do sedentarismo e aumento do consumo de gorduras e açúcares, sendo estes vinculados normalmente aos alimentos industrializados. A consequência disso rapidamente se manifestou no aumento do sobrepeso/obesidade e na instalação de alterações fisiológicas e metabólicas, como a Síndrome Metabólica, que é representada por alterações na glicemia, nos lipídeos e na pressão arterial. Há evidências de ligação estreita entre estas alterações e os processos inflamatórios, que também podem estar associados ao estresse oxidativo. Estas condições levam à patogênese das alterações vasculares ou intensificam os processos metabólicos que acompanham a Síndrome Metabólica. O objetivo desta revisão foi comparar as inúmeras referências literárias que mostram correlação entre os componentes da Síndrome Metabólica e o aumento dos mediadores de inflamação. Para isso, utilizou-se Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs e Scielo como base de dados, sendo que os artigos selecionados dataram principalmente dos últimos cinco anos.Palavras-chave: síndrome metabólica; arteriosclerose; inflamação.
Sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition related to the loss of muscle mass and strength due to aging, eating habits, physical inactivity, or even caused by another disease. Affected individuals have a higher risk of falls and may be associated with heart disease, respiratory diseases, cognitive impairment, and consequently an increased risk of hospitalization, in addition to causing an economic impact due to the high cost of care during the stay in hospitals. The standardization of appropriate treatment for patients with sarcopenia that could help reduce pathology-related morbidity is necessary. For these reasons, this study aimed to perform a systematic review of the role of nutrition and drugs that could ameliorate the health and quality of life of sarcopenic patients and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Lifestyle interventions have shown a profound impact on sarcopenia treatment but using supplements and different drugs can also impact skeletal muscle maintenance. Creatine, leucine, branched-chain amino acids, omega 3, and vitamin D can show benefits. Although with controversial results, medications such as Metformin, GLP-1, losartan, statin, growth hormone, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors have also been considered and can alter the sarcopenic’s metabolic parameters, protect against cardiovascular diseases and outcomes, while protecting muscles.
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