Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in variety of areas has encouraged an extensive global discourse on the underlying ethical principles and values. With the rapid AI development process and its near instant global coverage, the issues of applicable ethical principles and guidelines have become vital. AI promises to deliver a lot of advantages to economic, social and educational fields. Since AI is also increasingly applied in healthcare and medical education areas, ethical application issues are growing ever more important. Ethical and social issues raised by AI in healthcare overlap with those raised by personal data use, function automation, reliance on assistive medical technologies and the so-called ‘telehealth’. Without well-grounded ethical guidelines or even regulatory framework in respect of the AI in healthcare several legal and ethical problems at the implementational level can arise. In order to facilitate further discussion about the ethical principles and responsibilities of educational system in healthcare using AI and to potentially arrive at a consensus concerning safe and desirable uses of AI in healthcare education, this paper performs an evaluation of the self-imposed AI ethical guidelines identifying the common principles and approaches as well as drawbacks limiting the practical and legal application of internal policies. The main aim of the research is to encourage integration of theoretical studies and policy studies on sustainability issues in correlation between healthcare and technologies, the AI ethical perspective.
The expression of each individual’s will is one of the important rights. This freedom is protected by human rights. In legal systems the expression of the central positions of the will of individuals is protected. In civil law transactions as well as in health care individuals have specific and complicated rights to express their will. And the problematics of it comes from that capacity issue. The rights to expression, rights to liberty ect. are recognized as the basic rights of each individual, of each member of the society. The protection of the expression of the individual’s will is significant moment from the international as well as national point of view. A significant aspect and more sensitive is the protection of incapable person’s rights, for instance, in civil law transactions and healthcare matters in legal framework. The key challenge for the protection of those rights is to find the balance between capable and incapable persons’ rights protection in the case of will expression in particular matters. Keywords: legal capacity, decision, treatment, willpower, civil law
The right to health is one of the human fundamental rights. In present socio-legal area in health security issues, the human as an unconditional obedient patient, transforms into medical practitioner's associate, actively participating in all discussions of issues, which affect his health and executable medical manipulations. The human from medical object has turned into the medical subject. As exceptions can be mentioned persons who, for objective reasons, are not able to exercise their rights in full. One of such person group is children. Children have no capability to exercise their rights themselves. Therefore it is important to understand whether the volume of child's right is equal to the volume of adult's rights. Conditionally, we can say that in the stage of exercising the right, children depend on their representatives. The article will provide information on the issues, which affect child's right to health in context of ensuring the best interests of the child in Latvia according to the local and the European Union legal documents. In addition, the article will show the mechanism for dispute resolving, which may occur between a medical institution (doctor) and a person, who represents the child in Latvia. Both international and national legal acts stipulate that a child requires a special care, which includes ensuring the best interests of the child. It is essential that the concept “best interests of the child” is not defined in legislation and in all cases it is subject to interpretation of the adopter of the law (the user). On the fact, how fully the child's natural or legal guardians will defend the interests of the child, depends observation of the child's fundamental right – right to health. To find the answers to the current research questions descriptive, analytical, deduction-induction methods, etc. are used.
Open educational resources are among the important factors that affect the quality of contemporary education. The new form of education has been recognised by UNESCO and has become an important element in reaching sustainable development goals in educational sector. This article covers the experience of using open educational resources for expert support in justice, based on international experience. To identify the possibility of using open educational resources in the specific area of forensic experts’ education, the authors of the article have conducted a survey among expert community, and the survey results are presented in this study. Representatives of expert institutions from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Israel, Latvia, Montenegro, Poland, Slovenia, Ukraine and other countries have participated in the survey. The analysis of survey results shows that the introduction of open educational resources is acceptable for most respondents. It was found that ‘OER: Forensic Science’ project is going to be the first educational content of the kind to be introduced in forensic expert institutions and universities entitled to support educational activities. It is proven that open educational resources can enhance quality of the learning process at two levels at least. First, it is the quality of teaching and secondly, it is the new digital approach to learning environment that allows access to all studies necessary to perform forensic expert activities.
In the article some statements ofIn the article the participation of the National Science Center «Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute» in the bilateral research project was elucidated. It had been emphasized that the participation in the projects of the international cooperation is a new form of interaction of institutions of forensic activity that promote a development of the sphere of expert ensuring of justice. The regulatory and legal enactments of Ukraine and the Republic of Latvian, which regulate the participation’ question of scientists in fundamental and applied international research projects were analyzed. It is noticed that, Riga Stradins University and the National Science Center «Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute» are participants of Joint Scientific Research Project. The content of the Ukrainian-Latvian project on the topic «Open Educational Resource: Forensic Science» is revealed that was devoted to the complex research of modern scientific approaches, the formation of theoretical regulations and practical summaries, related to the improvement of implementation of educational and scientific activity’s mechanisms of modern scientific approaches in the field of expert ensuring of justice Within the framework of the scientific project particular topical issues in forensic science are proposed to resolved. As a result of work on the project it is planned to publish scientific works, an open web-resource containing scientific, research and other materials, and also educational video presentations of work of the forensic expert with a possibility of their remote use is created. It was proved that the participation of domestic institutions within international projects assists the integration to European Higher Education Area and European Forensic Science Area.
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