a t o t a l o f 18 c h i l d r e n born t o HIV-infected mothers were i d e n t i f i e d. Seventeen o f these pregnant women were IV drug abusers, one was a sexual p a r t n e r of a h i g h r i s k male and f o u r o f them were a l s o p r o s t i t u t e s. A l l 18 women were symptom-free during pregnancy and o n l y two developed HIV i n f e c t i o n. Nine c h i l d r e n were d e l i v e r e d by caesarean s e c t i o n and nine v a g i n a l l y. A l l newborns were HIV-seropositive by ELISA and Western-blot a t b i r t h. Seven c h i l d r e n had l o s t antibody a t a median time o f nine months, were negative f o r HIV antigen and remained asymptomatic a t a mean age o f 20 months. S i x c h i l d r e n were HIV-antibody p o s i t i v e a t a median age o f 7.3 months b u t were HIV-antigen negative and were c l i n i c a l l y w e l l. Four c h i l d r e n developed HIV i n f e c t i o n ; two o f them had serum HIV-antigen. Another c h i l d remained s e r o p o s i t i v e a t 24 months and a f o u r t h p a t i e n t had p e r s i s t a n t HIV-antibody together w i t h a c e l l u l a r and humoral imnunodeficiency and c l i n i c a l stage of P-2-A. Of these four HIV-infected c h i l d r e n , o n l y two were d e l i v e r e d by caesarean s e c t i o n and none o f them were breastfed. One c h i l d d i d n o t come t o follow-up c o n t r o l. Prevalence o f v e r t i c a l transmission o f HIV from i n f e c t e d mothers t o c h i l d r e n i n our seroepidemiological study was 23.5%, however
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