Typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs have been shown to have different clinical and behavioral profiles. Haloperidol (HAL) is a typical neuroleptic that acts primarily as a D(2) dopamine receptor antagonist. It has been proposed that reactive oxygen species play a causative role in neurotoxic effects induced by HAL. We evaluated oxidative damage in rat brain induced by chronic (28 days) HAL, clozapine (CLO), olanzapine (OLZ) or aripiprazole (ARI) administration. Adult male Wistar rats received daily injections of HAL (1.5 mg/kg), CLO (25 mg/kg), OLZ (2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg) or ARI (2, 10 or 20 mg/kg); control animals received vehicle (Tween 1% solution). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonylation were measured in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex. The results showed that TBARS were increased in the striatum after HAL treatment. On the other hand, TBARS were diminished in the prefrontal cortex by OLZ and ARI. Our results also showed that all drugs tested in this work decreased TBARS levels in the cerebral cortex. In hippocampus, TBARS levels were not altered by any drug. Protein carbonyl content after HAL and CLO treatment was increased in the hippocampus. Moreover, OLZ and ARI did not alter protein carbonyl content when compared to control group. ARI chronic administration (20 mg/kg) also increased mitochondrial superoxide in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. ARI did not alter mitochondrial superoxide in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Moreover, HAL, OLZ and CLO did not cause significant alterations in mitochondrial superoxide in rat brain. Our findings demonstrate that OLZ and ARI do not induce oxidative damage in rat brain as observed after HAL and CLO treatment.
We observed that both acute and chronic use of methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was associated with increased oxidative stress and energetic metabolism alterations. These data also reinforce the importance of the SHR animal model in further studies regarding MPH.
Methylphenidate (MPH) is psychostimulants used to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and can lead to a long-lasting neurochemical and behavioral adaptations in experimental animals. In the present study, the cerebral antioxidant enzymatic system, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was evaluated at in different age following MPH (1, 2 or 10 mg/kg MPH, i.p.) treatment in young rats. In the acute treatment the SOD activity decreased in the cerebral prefrontal cortex with opposite effect in the cerebral cortex; and the CAT activity decreased in hippocampus. In the chronic treatment the SOD activity increased in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and decreased in the striatum. The observed changes on the enzyme activities in rat brain were dependent on the structure brain region and duration of treatment with MPH. Probably, the activity of enzymes was not be enough to prevent MPH-induced oxidative damage in specific regions from brain, such as observed for us in another recent study.
ResumoContexto: Evidências apontam que adolescentes infratores graves (autores de homicídio, estupro e latrocínio) possuem personalidade psicopática e risco aumentado de reincidência criminal, mas não apresentam maior prevalência de história de abuso na infância do que outros adolescentes infratores. Objetivo: Comparar a psicopatia, a reincidência criminal e a história de maus-tratos entre adolescentes infratores versus a vida e outros adolescentes infratores. Método: Estudo transversal, controlado, utilizando a escala Hare's Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) para avaliação de psicopatia em uma amostra de adolescentes cumprindo medida socioeducativa em decorrência da prática de ato infracional. Resultados: Os adolescentes que cometeram crimes contra a vida apresentaram prevalência de psicopatia maior do que outros adolescentes infratores -RP = 2,86 (IC95% 1,49-5,47). A reincidência criminal foi mais prevalente entre os adolescentes que possuíam psicopatia e história de crimes contra a vida -RP = 2,96 (IC95% 1,32-6,60). O estudo não conseguiu demonstrar prevalência significativa de história de abuso na infância entre os adolescentes com psicopatia em comparação ao grupo-controle -RP = 0,88 (IC95% 0,66-1,15). Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem prevalência aumentada de personalidade psicopática e reincidência criminal entre os adolescentes autores de crimes contra a vida quando comparados a outros adolescentes infratores.Palavras-chave: Adolescentes, infratores, psicopatia.
AbstractBackground: Evidences point out that the young offenders involved with major crimes (such as homicide, rape and violent robbery) have psychopathic personality, with greater risk of recidivism but do not have a higher prevalence of childhood abuse history compared to other young delinquents. Objective: To compare the psychopathy, criminal recidivism. However,
Estudo com objetivo de identificar os fatores associados à ocorrência de ansiedade nos acadêmicos de Biomedicina. Pesquisa quali-quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Estudo desenvolvido com 20 acadêmicos da 7ª fase do curso de Biomedicina da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense. Aplicou-se a Escala de Avaliação de Ansiedade de Hamilton e questionário semiestruturado sobre os fatores relacionados à ansiedade dos universitários em relação ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, avaliação, comunicação profissional e relacionamento interpessoal, gerenciamento do tempo, formação profissional e ao trabalho de conclusão de curso. Os resultados da Escala apontaram nível de ansiedade de 65% grau leve; 25% grau moderado; 10% grau intenso dos acadêmicos de Biomedicina. Considera-se imprescindível o cuidado aos acadêmicos da Universidade, com foco no autocuidado e autoconhecimento. Sugere-se um aprofundamento da pesquisa, com maior número de acadêmicos, contemplando as diversas fases do curso, além de ampliação da pesquisa para os acadêmicos da área de saúde.
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