The plasma membranes of oat normally resemble those of other eukaryotes in containing mainly phospholipids and sterols. We here report the novel ¢nding that the galactolipid digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) can constitute a substantial proportion of oat plasma membrane lipids, in both shoots and roots. When oat was cultivated under severe phosphate limitation, up to 70% of the plasma membrane phosphoglycerolipids were replaced by DGDG. Our ¢nding not only re£ects a far more developed potential for plasticity in plasma membrane lipid composition than often assumed, but also merits interest in the context of the limited phosphate availability in many soils. ß
For the first time, a specific substance, tumor necrosis factor alpha, has been linked to the nucleus-pulposus-induced effects of nerve roots after local application. Although the effects of this substance may be synergistic with those of other similar substances, the data of the current study may be of significant importance for the continued understanding of nucleus pulposus' biologic activity, and of possible potential use for future strategies in managing sciatica.
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