No abstract

Objective: To provide an overview of the state of research concerning smart technologies that support independent living in buildings, as well as a deeper literature review of the specific challenges for the building industry. Methods: A systematic mapping methodology was applied in this study to provide basis knowledge on the state of the art. The initial search on three databases gave 3485 articles. Of these, 610 articles were finally selected as relevant to the study after removing the duplicates and screening by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria based on titles and abstracts. Keywording was performed in order to answer the research questions of the study. Results: Results from the systematic mapping technology allow the detection of almost mature technologies, as well as promising technologies and research gaps. Results from the deeper literature review have identified challenges and new trends specific to the building industry. Conclusions: Efforts are still needed for the building industry in order to contribute significantly to meeting societal needs. Further research: Research fields that would benefit from further research are highlighted.

Ulike syn på lokalisering av utviklingshemmedes boliger Den gjengse oppfatning har vaert at kommunale boliger for utviklingshemmede i prinsippet bør integreres i den ordinaere bebyggelsen. Funksjonshemmedes organisasjoner har anført at alle ifølge lovgiv

The influence of indoor shared spaces in neighbourhoods on voluntary activities is barely investigated in literature. Conversely, the impact of space on social activities is widely recognized in literature and an impact on voluntary activities is also identified-but it focuses more on wider geographical scopes, comparing regions. Little is known so far about which characteristics of space and governance structures influence voluntary work on a smaller geographical level-such as a city or neighbourhood. In a case study conducted in the city of Trondheim, Norway and the neighbourhood of Saupstad, we elaborate an understanding on the influence of shared spaces on voluntary work. We ask which characteristics of the shared spaces and governance structures foster or limit voluntary activities. Our study is based on observation and qualitative interviews with providers of shared indoor spaces for voluntary work, voluntary organizations and the stakeholders involved (city administration, neighbourhood management, etc.). We applied a multi-scale research approach at a city, neighbourhood and building level to identify challenges and enablers on all urban scales. We have chosen a case study approach for an in-depth qualitative analysis to identify these factors. Our research shows that the physical characteristics of shared spaces such as location, accessibility and facility equipment play an important role in voluntary activities. In the worst case, voluntary work had to be stopped when the shared space was no longer available. On the other hand, there is a great potential of sharing spaces not yet provided for voluntary activities, due to lacking incentives, restrictions on use of these spaces and a lack of cooperation between providers of shared spaces. In particular, the existing governance structure at a neighbourhood level plays an important role in fostering space-sharing and enabling voluntary activities.

Bakgrunn: Bofellesskap har fått en fornyet interesse i dagens samfunn. Fellesskapsløsninger kan bidra til et mer baerekraftig samfunn, både økonomisk, miljømessig og sosialt. Gjennom å dele arealer og utstyr kan de gi lavere forbruk, bedre økonomi og skape arenaer for etablering av sosiale nettverk. Bofellesskap i Norge er imidlertid først og fremst brukt til personer som samtidig trenger et tjenestetilbud, leieboliger der kommunen har en tydelig rolle i etableringen. I denne studien ser vi derimot på erfaringer med bofellesskap for eldre som eies av beboerne selv, og der initiativet til å velge en slik boform er tatt av beboerne, og tilbudet etablert i det private markedet. Sett i lys av hvordan folk flest bor, er dette fortsatt relativt sjeldent i Norge.Formål: Formålet med denne studien har vaert å undersøke sammenhengen mellom opplevd livskvalitet og selvvalgte eierboliger i bofellesskap for eldre.Metode: I tillegg til litteratursøk er ti informanter i to bofellesskap for eldre intervjuet. Intervjuene ble transkribert og analysert etter fortolkende fenomenologisk analyse.Resultater: Resultatene viser at beboerne opplever at bofellesskapene bidrar til livskvalitet gjennom 1) økt mestring, og dermed mulighet for å klare seg selv lenger, 2) lett tilgang til aktiviteter og et miljø som inspirerer til deltagelse, 3) en opplevelse av trygghet/ sikkerhet, 4) flere sosiale relasjoner, og 5) homogene miljø. Informantene bor i aldershomogene bofellesskap og setter pris på dette, men flere ser også ulemper ved det.Konklusjon: Bofellesskap kan bidra til økt livskvalitet for eldre. Å gjøre erfaringene med boformen mer kjent kan bidra til at markedet i større grad tilbyr denne boformen. Det drøftes om boformen også kan vaere relevant for andre beboergrupper.