A large body of research has focused on indicators of the risk of prison violence, especially in the United States. Little is known about this question in Spain, despite the fact that in 2010, this country had the most crowded prison system in western Europe. This prospective study draws on official data to examine the relationship between individual and situational characteristics and misconduct in a sample of 1,330 inmates from 11 penitentiary facilities across a 10-month period. Violent misconduct was less frequent than potentially violent behavior, with prevalence rates of 9% and 13%, respectively. Younger age, being on remand, classification as first degree, prior violent behavior, drug and/or alcohol problems, poor response to treatment, and procriminal attitudes were significant risk factors of inmate misbehavior in an ordinal regression model (areas under the curve = 0.74 to 0.82). Having a violent conviction offense was not a significant predictor of outcome. The implications for current classification practices are discussed, and the importance of cross-cultural and empirically based research is stressed.
Violence against women is a public health problem that cuts across all societies, education and socioeconomic levels, and ethnic and cultural groups (Heise & García-Moreno, 2002). Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one expression of violence against women. In low-and middle-income countries of the Americas, IPV prevalence among ever-partnered women is around 30% (2013), and in some countries it reaches 50% (Bott, Guedes, Goodwin, & Mendoza, 2012). In this paper, IPV is defined as any actual, attempted, or threatened physical harm h t t p : / / j o u r n a l s. c o p m a d r i d. o rg / p i
La valoración del riesgo de violencia es un requisito fundamental en la toma de decisiones profesionales que implican prevenir, intervenir o informar sobre la conducta de las personas. El uso de herramientas estructuradas mejora la precisión de las evaluaciones basadas en el juicio clínico en contextos psiquiátricos, penitenciarios y jurídicos. Este estudio presenta resultados de la primera encuesta sobre el uso de herramientas de evaluación del riesgo de violencia y sobre su utilidad percibida en España. Las escalas de psicopatía (PCL-R y PCL:SV) y el HCR-20 encabezaron la lista de las herramientas más usadas tanto por elección personal como por requisito institucional. Se ofrecen datos novedosos sobre las prácticas profesionales de evaluación del riesgo de violencia que pueden orientar a los profesionales que desempeñan su tarea en contextos sanitarios, correccionales y forenses, donde los instrumentos estructurados son frecuentemente usados para asistirlos en la toma de<br />decisiones.
Considerando la importancia teórica, empírica y práctica de la valoración del autocontrol mediante instrumentos válidos y confiables, en el presente estudio se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la versión original de la Self-Control Scale (SCS). Con este fin, se utilizó el modelo de escala de clasificación para estimar la unidimensionalidad, la idoneidad de las categorías de respuesta y el ajuste de las personas a los ítems de la SCS. Estos análisis se realizaron en una muestra por conveniencia de 1072 estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Entre los principales resultados puede mencionarse que la SCS permite una valoración unidimensional del constructo autocontrol y que una versión de la escala con 3 categorías de respuesta podría ser más adecuada para la medición del autocontrol que la versión original de 5 categorías. Sin embargo, se encontró que con la nueva configuración de las categorías de respuesta se presentaba un funcionamiento diferencial en 3 ítems de acuerdo al sexo de los participantes. Por último, el mapa de distribución de ítems y de personas mostró ausencia de elementos en el extremo superior e inferior del continuo autocontrol.Palabras clave: autocontrol, modelo Rasch, Self-Control Scale, propiedades psicométricas, estudiantes universitarios Considering the theoretical, empirical, and practical importance of self-control assessment through valid and reliable instruments, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the original version of the Self-Control Scale (SCS). To this end, the rating scale model was used to estimate unidimensionality, the adequacy of response categories, and participant fit. These analyses were conducted using a convenience sample of 1072 Argentine university students. Among other findings, it was observed that the SCS makes it possible to assess the self-control construct unidimensionally and that a version of the scale with 3 response categories would be more adequate for measuring self-control than the original 5-category version. However, it was found that the new configuration of response categories led to differential functioning in 3 items depending on the participants' sex. Finally, the personitem distribution map showed a lack of elements at the top and bottom of the self-control continuum.
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