Background: Negotiation skills are qualities that allow two or more parties to reach a compromise. It includes abilities such as communication, persuasion, planning, and cooperating. Head nurse who understand the basic principles and skills of negotiation will be ready to deal successfully with conflicting situations and become strong negotiators. Aim: Determine effect of educational program on head nurses' negotiation skills for resolution of conflict among nurses in intensive care units. Method: Include all ICUs of Tanta University Main Hospitals and Emergency Hospital. Subjects: All (N=35) head nurses and nurses (N=300). Tools: Tool I: Head nurses knowledge about negotiation skills for resolution of conflict among nurses' questionnaire. Tool II: Existence of conflict among ICU nurses' questionnaire. Tool III: Head nurses self-assessment about practice of negotiation for resolution of conflict among nurses. Results: High percent (76.3%) of ICU nurses existed high level and 13.7% and 10.0% had moderate and low levels of conflict respectively. Preprogram head nurses 74.3% showed poor level of total knowledge about negotiation skills, changed to 82.9% of them showed good level of knowledge post program. Head nurses 25.7% showed satisfactory level preprogram significantly changed to 88.6% at satisfactory level of total practice of negotiation skills for resolution of conflict among ICU nurses post program. Conclusion: Head nurses knowledge and practice about negotiation skills for resolution of conflict among ICU nurses were at low level at Tanta University Main Hospital and Emergency Hospital. Head nurses knowledge and practice improved significantly after attendance of program sessions. Recommendation: Conduct periodical training programs, workshops and seminars for head nurses to refresh their knowledge, and practice of negotiation skills for resolution of ICU nurses conflict.
Background: Team building includes wide range of activities and strategies designed for improving team performance. Its aim is to bring out the best in a team to ensure selfdevelopment, positive communication, conflict and change management skills and the ability to work closely together as a team. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate program about strategies of building effective work team on nursing staff performance at intensive care units. Setting: Study was conducted at five ICUs at El-Menshawy hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health, namely neurology, cardiology, medical, pediatric and neonatal. Subjects: All (n=210) nursing staff working at the five ICUs understudy divided into all (n=10) head nurses two in each ICU and all (n=200) nurses. Tool: Two tools were used; (1) nursing staff work team building knowledge questionnaire (2) nursing staff actual work team building strategies observation checklist. Results: majority of nursing staff (84.9%) had poor knowledge level for work team building, decreased to about one third had poor knowledge level post program. Preprogram majority of nursing staff (89.6%) showed either low or moderate total practice level for work team building seven strategies, changed post program to be (51.1%) of nursing staff showed high total practice level. Half of head nurses preprogram had moderate total management practice level for work team building; changed post program to equal (40%) percent of them had high and moderate total management practice level. Conclusion: Nursing staff of ICU at El-Menshawy hospital demanding for management program to develop their knowledge and practice about team building strategies. Implementing of the program actually develops their knowledge and practice. Recommendations: conducting pre-employment educational training workshops for novice nurses about effective work team building strategies. Maintain periodical orientation of nursing staff at ICU about strategies of building effective work team.
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