The African Rice Gall Midge, Orseolia oryzivora H. & G., is an important insect pest recorded in 20 countries in Sub-Sahara Africa. In Burkina Faso, the insect pest particularly prevails in Western and SouthWestern of the country where both biotic and abiotic conditions favor its development. The insect pest can damage up to 60% of rice tillers in Western Burkina Faso. A study was conducted during the 2011 wet season in the Kou Valley, located 25 km NorthWest of Bobo-Dioulasso, Western Burkina Faso. Its objective was to evaluate the damage of this insect pest in farmers' fields in relation with rice transplanting periods. The Kou Valley rice scheme, 1200 ha, was divided into two zones within which 48 farmers' fields were randomly selected in relation with rice transplanting periods: P1: 1st period; P2: 2nd period and P3: 3rd period; that is 16 fields per period. Both agronomic and entomological evaluations were performed each week starting from the 21th day after transplanting (DAT) up to 84 DAT. Results showed that the highest average damage level (16% of galls) was recorded in the 3rd transplanting period. The highest larval and pupal parasitism was recorded in P3 at 84 DAT. Pupal parasitism due to Aprostocetus procerae Risbec was higher than larval parasitism due to Platygaster diplosisae Risbec. Lastly, the lowest yield (4.78 t/ha) was recorded in P3. These results can be used in the implementation of an integrated pest management strategy for this insect pest in the Kou Valley.
Our study was conducted from August 2008 to March 2009 in the Houet province, western Burkina Faso. It consisted in the assessment of the constraints to the adoption by cotton growers of technologies promoted by the IPM program through Farmers' Field Schools in cotton-cereals-livestock systems. We did so by surveying a sample of 185 farmers trained in IPM and by describing farmers' practices before and after the training in IPM. The results showed that the average dose of organic manure, NPK and urea used by famers after their training were respectively 3.8 tons/ha, 163 kg/ha and 65 kg /ha as compared with 2.4 tons/ha, 140 kg/ha and 51 kg/ha before the training. Regarding the use of pesticides, 94.6% of farmers used protection equipment during the sprayings after the training against 21.6% of them before the training. However, the average number of sprays did not vary significantly. It was 6 before the training and only 5 after. The botanical pesticides were used by 31% of farmers after the training as compared with 0% of users before the training in IPM. The training did not affect much crop yields. The constraints identified and classified according to their relative importance included the lack of agricultural equipment, and animals for ploughing, difficulties in inputs access, labor shortage, the lack of organic manure, and marketing problems. These technical, social and economic constraints have been analyzed and recommendations have been made to work them out.
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