Currently, crushers operating in a central impact manner have become widely used, which has several advantages over roller, cone, and cheek crushers. The present work shows the device and principle of a laboratory centrifugal vertical impact crusher for studying the process of crushing local gravel to obtain crushed stone with dimensions of 5-20 mm. The main influencing factors for the process are the average size of the incoming raw materials, the rotation speed of the crusher rotor, and the distance between the accelerator and the annular platform. The output parameter is the concentration of crushed stone with a size of 5-20 mm in the output (%). A full factor experiment N=23 was conducted, a regression equation was obtained, the adequacy of this model was proved by methods of mathematical statistics. It is determined that an increase in the size of the input raw material reduces the percentage ratio of the crushed stone output with dimensions of 5-20 mm, and an increase in the rotation speed of the crusher rotor, on the contrary, contributes to an increase in the crushed stone output. Using this equation, you can determine the degree of influence of each factor under investigation on the final result, which is necessary to optimize the process.
In the process of production of vegetable oils, insoluble impurities are removed from the black oil after pressing using sludge traps and filters. Oil sludge separated from the forepress oil has an oil content of up to 50%. For the complete extraction of this oil from the sludge from the sludge separator and filter presses, it is recycled into the upper vats of the roaster of the press units and further for pressing. At the same time, the returnable sludge affects one of the main characteristic of the obtained cottonseed oil – the acid number. Our research has shown that with such a scheme of sludge processing, the sludge acid number obtained after prepressing is 5 mg KOH. This leads to a significant loss of oil to soap stock during oil refining. The solution to this problem is to prevent the sludge separated on the separator from falling back into the frypot, instead the sludge is pressed to produce black cottonseed oil. The degree of influence on the pressing process of influencing factors – the percentage of sludge in the mixture and the duration of mixing the sludge and husk of the mixture - is experimentally studied in this research work. The rational values of these factors are determined. The planning of a two-factor experiment was carried out in order to reveal the effect of the interaction of these factors. The obtained regression equation allows determining with sufficient accuracy the residual oil content of the cake in the investigated range of changes in the influencing factors, which is necessary to optimize the process.
Annotation: The oil extraction processes from oil-bearing cultures' seeds and stones is time and energy-intensive. The study shows that during processing kernels of oil-bearing cultures under influence of electromagnetic field the destruction process of cellar structure is intensified in 7-9 times than in existing moist-heat processing. Moreover, the process runs shorter and under comparatively low temperature regime that reduces the electric power expenses. Using electromagnetic processing of oil-bearing kernels provides increase of oil output up to 20-25% as well.
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