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Through increased temperature-related illness, exposure to wildfire smoke and air pollutants, and more frequent and intense natural disasters, climate change is disproportionately affecting the health of people with disabilities. Although the evidence behind the health effects of climate change is growing, there remain critical research gaps in the physiatric literature that must be addressed. Increased education throughout the medical-education continuum is also needed to prepare physiatrists to address the climate-related health effects impacting their patient populations. Physiatrists and their member organizations should advocate for policies that address climate change with a focus on the unique needs of their patient population and the inclusion of people with disabilities in the policy making process.

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IV.

Purpose of Review The increased use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) in clinical practice warrants achieving competency earlier in physiatrists’ careers. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) residency programs have started incorporating formal MSKUS training in their curricula; however, significant heterogeneity remains in MSKUS education. Recent Findings Numerous barriers contribute to the lack of consensus for MSKUS training during residency, but the COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted in-person learning. As an adjunct or alternative to in-person learning, teleguided technology is being utilized. Summary This curriculum demonstrates the role of a hybrid MSKUS training with interinstitutional collaboration. Twenty PM&R learners, from two institutions, were divided into a fundamental or advanced track. Virtual didactic sessions alternated weekly with hands-on ultrasonographic scanning sessions. Following a 12-month longitudinal curriculum, an end-of-year practical examination was used for competency assessment, in addition to a survey assessing resident perceptions and feedback. To our knowledge, this is the first collaborative and hybrid MSKUS curriculum for PM&R learners that can be easily reproduced at most training institutions and circumvent some of the barriers amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40141-023-00380-z.

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PURPOSE:Motivational interviewing (MI) is a commonly used method of promoting healthy lifestyles in clinical research. It is typically delivered in face-to-face interactions and is less commonly used with older adults. Thus, the purpose of this pilot study was to assess acceptability of telephonic delivery of MI with an older adult population. The study specifically tested the utility of pairing MI with an existing evidence-based program (Walk with Ease; WWE) to promote autonomy and intrinsic motivation for behavior change. METHOD: A subsample of participants enrolling in self-directed WWE (n = 10) were paired with student health coaches trained in MI for the six-week program. Coaches supported individual motivation and problemsolving but were explicitly not coaching to WWE activities. Motivation and autonomy were evaluated prior to the first coaching session and after program completion using the BREQ-3 motivation sub-scales and relative autonomy index. Changes in both indicators were evaluated using effect sizes with post WWE satisfaction ratings providing context. RESULTS: Participants attended 5.4±1.4 sessions, lasting 15.7±4.8 minutes and were overwhelmingly accepting of telephonic MI. Evaluations of behavioral correlates showed that WWE coupled with MI had a positive effect on intrinsic motivation (d = 0.47) and individual autonomy (d = 0.59). Participants reported that coaches positively impacted the program experience, and that telephonic delivery was convenient and presented minimal technical barriers. Common themes from the open-ended items revealed themes of developing connections with coaches who acted as a source of accountability, and provided support in developing a healthy relationship with PA. CONCLUSION: Participants were accepting of telephonic MI and viewed at as a positive enhancement to their program experience with WWE. Coaches provided an additional source of accountability and encouragement, and potential barriers due to delivery or coach training did not dissuade participants. When coupled with MI-based health coaching, WWE participants increased intrinsic motivation and autonomy, potentially increasing the likelihood of long-term behavior maintenance. Telephonic delivery may allow for greater access to health coaching and larger trials are warranted.