Background: Nurses and health care professionals who practice in the global health arena must develop the leadership skills to lead interprofessional teams that direct individual and population-based healthcare, shape health policy, and develop responses to a changing environmental, socioeconomic, and technological landscape. Programs aimed at developing these skills including nurses and health professionals from low and middle resource nations are limited. Since 2008, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center on International Nursing at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) has offered a biennial International Nursing and Healthcare Leadership Development Program composed of: a) didactic classes; b) mentorship/coaching; c) health/service organization site visits; and d) cultural enrichment. This paper presents program evaluation data from international participants from South America and Africa (n = 69), UAB students (n = 13), faculty (n = 32), and mentors/coaches (n = 45) from programs held from 2008-2012. Implications for future programs aimed at international nursing and healthcare leadership skill development are discussed. Methods:A mixed methods approach employing investigator-designed surveys at the end of each program was used to collect quantitative and qualitative evaluation data. Questions that guided the program evaluation were: 1) What were participants' perceptions about the extent to which objectives of the leadership classes and overall program were achieved?; 2) What were participants' and faculty mentor/coaches' evaluation of the mentoring/coaching component of the program?; and 3) What were participants' and faculty mentor/coaches' perceptions of program strengths, weaknesses, and need for change? Themes from narrative comments were identified using content analysis procedures and the NVivo9© qualitative data analysis software package. Results:Mean scores on all of the quantitative evaluation items ranged from 3.71-4.9 out of 5 possible points indicating very positive perceptions of the program and agreement that objectives had been achieved. Quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that participants were more satisfied with the mentoring/coaching component of the program than were faculty. The primary challenges identified were time limitations and communication difficulties that included both language and information technology barriers. Participants and faculty agreed that program strengths included program content and organization, the ability for cross-cultural interaction with peers, formulation of personal leadership development plans, and mentor/coach engagement. Suggestions for program improvement were aimed at providingwww.sciedu.ca/jnep Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 2014, Vol. 4, No. 2 Published by Sciedu Press141 unstructured time to allow participants to explore their host surroundings, providing sufficient breaks between classes and activities, inclusion of problem-based learning such as cas...
According to the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES), in 2008, more than one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese. This article describes the use of a residential, medically supervised summer camp to help overweight and obese children prevent excessive summertime weight gain. The theoretical framework guiding the program was Rosenstock's health belief model (HBM). The weight loss results are included as well as information concerning adaptations of physical activities, environmental design considerations, and creating a supportive atmosphere, to meet the unique needs of this population. Data show that weight loss can be achieved for overweight/obese children/teens in residential camps designed to develop healthy behaviors.
The MATTERs and CRASH-2 studies demonstrate that tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces mortality in patients with traumatic hemorrhage. However, their results, conducted in foreign countries and with U.S. military soldiers, provoke concerns over generalizability to civilian trauma patients in the United States was reported. The evaluation of patient outcomes following treatment with TXA by a civilian air medical program. A retrospective chart review of trauma patients transported by air service to a Level 1 trauma center was conducted. For the purposes of intervention evaluation, patients meeting this criterion for the 2 years (2012-2014) prior to therapy implementation were compared with patients treated during the 2-year study period (2014-2016). Goals were to evaluate morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. During the review, 82 control and 49 study patients were identified as meeting inclusion criteria. Patients in the control group were found to be less acute, which correlated with shorter hospital stays and better discharge outcomes. Multiple patients in the study group who should have expired according to a significantly elevated Trauma Revised Injury Severity Score (TRISS) survived, whereas multiple patients in the control group expired despite a low TRISS calculation. This is the first outcome-based study conducted in a U.S. trauma system. The outcomes in civilian trauma patients in the United States do not follow that of the previous MATTERs and CRASH-2 studies. However, this study still shows benefit to TXA administration and reduced risk for administration to patients with head trauma and occurrence of venous thromboembolism. Randomized control trials are needed to evaluate the role of TXA administration in the United States.
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