ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a diversidade e a composição das assembléias de peixes associadas a diferentes tipos de bancos de macrófitas aquáticas, em lagos de várzea do rio Solimões. As amostragens foram realizadas, em duas fases do ciclo hidrológico, cheia e seca, em bancos de macrófitas compostos pelo capim flutuante Paspalum repens e em bancos mistos (compostos por associações de espécies flutuantes livres). Foram coletados 1.340 indivíduos pertencentes a 50 espécies de peixes, nos dois períodos e nos dois tipos de bancos estudados. Characiformes foi o grupo dominante em ambos os períodos e tipos de bancos. A riqueza e a diversidade de espécies foram maiores nos bancos compostos pelo capim flutuante P. repens do que nos bancos mistos. Estes resultados corroboram a hipótese de que a diversidade de espécies de peixes destes hábitats está associada à complexidade estrutural formada pelos caules e raízes, mais acentuada nos bancos de P. repens. Unitermos: Amazônia, assembléia de peixes, bancos de macrófitas, ciclo hidrológico AbstractFish assemblages associated with aquatic macrophytes in floodplain lakes in the Lower Solimões River. We studied the diversity and species composition of fish assemblages associated with different stands of aquatic macrophytes. The samplings were made during two seasons of the hydrological cycle, the dry and flooding seasons, in two types of macrophyte stands. The first type was monospecific and was composed by floating grass Paspalum repens. The second type was composed by several free-floating species, and was classified as mixed stand. We collected 1,340 fish belonging to 50 species. Characiformes was the dominant group in the two stand types and hydrological seasons. In the stands of P. repens, the species richness and diversity were higher than in the mixed stands, probably due to the greater structural complexity of P. repens.
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