Enevoldsen, K. (2009).Comparison of 3D turbulence measurements using three staring wind lidars and a sonic anemometer. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 18(2), 135-140. DOI: 10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0370 Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Vol. 18, No. 2, 135-140 (April 2009 Open Access Article AbstractThe goals are to compare lidar volume averaged wind measurement with point measurement reference sensors and to demonstrate the feasibility of performing 3D turbulence measurements with lidars. For that purpose three pulsed lidars were used in staring mode, placed so that their beams crossed close to a 3D sonic anemometer mounted at 78 m above the ground. The results show generally very good correlation between the lidar and the sonic times series, except that the variance of the velocity measured by the lidar is attenuated due to spatial filtering. The amount of attenuation can however be predicted theoretically by use of a spectral tensor model of the atmospheric surface-layer turbulence. ZusammenfassungDas Ziel ist es, volumengemittelte LiDAR-Windmessungen mit Punktmessungen von Referenzsensoren zu vergleichen sowie die Möglichkeit aufzuzeigen, 3D-Turbulenzmessungen mit LiDAR-Geräten durchzuführen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden drei gepulste LiDAR-Systeme mit fixer Blickrichtung so aufgestellt, dass ihre Strahlen nahe eines 3D-Ultraschall-Anemometers kreuzten, welches 78 müber Grund befestigt war. Die Ergebnisse zeigen im Allgemeinen sehr gute Korrelationen zwischen den Zeitreihen der LiDAR-und Ultraschall-Anemometer, allerdings wird die Streuung der vom LiDAR gemessenen Geschwindigkeit durch räumliches Filtern abgeschwächt. Der Grad der Abschwächung kann jedoch mittels eines spektralen Tensormodells, das die Turbulenz in der atmosphärischen Bodenschicht beschreibt, theoretisch vorausberechnet werden.
Risø has been monitoring wind resources and power output from offshore wind farms since 1993. A considerable degree of expertise has been developed in optimizing measurements and in using these databases to develop and validate models for offshore environments. This paper describes the evolution of monitoring strategies to a fully automated satellite based retrieval that provides near-real time access to offshore data, even at remote stand-alone masts. An overview of wind speed and turbulence at offshore sites in Denmark is given. Finally, three methods of generating long-term wind resource estimates from short-term measurements are outlined.
Enevoldsen, K. (2009).Comparison of 3D turbulence measurements using three staring wind lidars and a sonic anemometer. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 18(2), 135-140. DOI: 10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0370 Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Vol. 18, No. 2, 135-140 (April 2009 Open Access Article AbstractThe goals are to compare lidar volume averaged wind measurement with point measurement reference sensors and to demonstrate the feasibility of performing 3D turbulence measurements with lidars. For that purpose three pulsed lidars were used in staring mode, placed so that their beams crossed close to a 3D sonic anemometer mounted at 78 m above the ground. The results show generally very good correlation between the lidar and the sonic times series, except that the variance of the velocity measured by the lidar is attenuated due to spatial filtering. The amount of attenuation can however be predicted theoretically by use of a spectral tensor model of the atmospheric surface-layer turbulence. ZusammenfassungDas Ziel ist es, volumengemittelte LiDAR-Windmessungen mit Punktmessungen von Referenzsensoren zu vergleichen sowie die Möglichkeit aufzuzeigen, 3D-Turbulenzmessungen mit LiDAR-Geräten durchzuführen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden drei gepulste LiDAR-Systeme mit fixer Blickrichtung so aufgestellt, dass ihre Strahlen nahe eines 3D-Ultraschall-Anemometers kreuzten, welches 78 müber Grund befestigt war. Die Ergebnisse zeigen im Allgemeinen sehr gute Korrelationen zwischen den Zeitreihen der LiDAR-und Ultraschall-Anemometer, allerdings wird die Streuung der vom LiDAR gemessenen Geschwindigkeit durch räumliches Filtern abgeschwächt. Der Grad der Abschwächung kann jedoch mittels eines spektralen Tensormodells, das die Turbulenz in der atmosphärischen Bodenschicht beschreibt, theoretisch vorausberechnet werden.
Sjöholm, Mikael et al."Spatial averaging-effects on turbulence measured by a continuous-wave coherent lidar".
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