El fruto de nanche (Byrsonima crassifolia L.) se cosecha cuando ocurre la caída por abscisión desde el árbol y tiene vida de anaquel menor a 5 d a 20 °C. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del manejo del fruto de nanche en condiciones de refrigeración sobre su comportamiento fisiológicopara favorecer el alargamiento de la vida de anaquel. Se almacenaron frutos en madurez de consumo a 4, 8 y 20 °C (testigo) durante 20 d, los cuales contaban con 4.93 g de peso promedio, contenido de sólidos solubles totales de 11.5 °Brix y atributos de color de 66.5 %, 58.6 y 80.7° en luminosidad, cromaticidad y ángulo de tono, respectivamente. Los frutos manejados a 4 y 8 °C se evaluaron 1 y 2 d después de su traslado a una condición de 20 °C. El uso de refrigeración redujo la pérdida de peso, sin cambios significativos en color. La refrigeración redujo la pérdida de firmeza, pero con manejo a 4 °C se incrementó el ablandamiento después del traslado a 20 °C. La actividad respiratoria no se afectó por la refrigeración, pero sí se incrementó la producción de etileno y el contenido de fenoles solubles totales y flavonoides totales con respecto al testigo. Se observó incremento en la fuga de electrolitos y mayor estrés oxidativo en los tratamientos a 4 °C, evaluado mediante la actividad de la enzima peroxidasa, con respecto al testigo y al tratamiento de 8 °C. Se concluyó que es factible el manejo de frutos de nanche en madurez de consumo a 8 °C en postcosecha.
Nance (Byrsonima crassifolia) fruit is harvested when natural abscission from the plant occurs. At this stage, the shelf life is less than 5 d in ambient conditions. The aim of the present work was thus to determine how quality attributes of nance fruits are modified as a function of ripening on the tree, physiological condition at harvest, and storage temperature. Fruits at three maturity stages (green, transient, and yellow) were harvested and stored at 15 and 25°C. As fruits ripened, the hue angle turned to yellow, and lightness and chroma increased, but carotenoid content decreased. The contents of total soluble solids, total sugars, and reducing sugars increased; however, the total soluble phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity decreased. It was possible to harvest at a physiological stage previous to abscission maturity even though a non-climacteric pattern was identified. Handling of transient nance fruits at 15°C extended shelf life for more than 15 d, with adequate physical and compositional attributes including high concentration of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Content of total soluble solids was identified as an attribute suitable for developing a harvest index for nance fruits.
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