Four new bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10-based cryptands with different third bridges were prepared. Their complexes with paraquat derivatives were studied by proton NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray analysis. It was found that these cryptands bind paraquat derivatives very strongly. Specifically, a diester cryptand with a pyridyl nitrogen atom located at a site occupied by either water or a PF(6) anion in analogous complexes exhibited the highest association constant K(a) = 5.0 x 10(6) M(-1) in acetone with paraquat, 9000 times greater than the crown ether system. X-ray structures of this and analogous complexes demonstrate that improved complexation with this host is a consequence of preorganization, adequate ring size for occupation by the guest, and the proper location of the pyridyl N-atom for binding to the beta-pyridinium hydrogens of the paraquat guests. This readily accessible cryptand is one of the most powerful hosts reported for paraquats.
Bis(meta-phenylene)-32-crown-10-based cryptands have been proved to complex diquat much more strongly than bis(meta-phenylene)-32-crown-10 itself; in fact, one containing a pyridyl moiety has one of the highest Ka values yet reported.
Well-defined polyisoprene three-armed star polymers (PI3) were synthesized through a combination of living anionic polymerization and an efficient coupling process using hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO). Anionic polymerization of isoprene followed by termination with HFPO yielded threearmed stars with narrow molecular weight distributions. Under optimized conditions, at least 97% of the chains can be coupled. Molecular characterization of the star polymers (SEC, NMR and IR spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry) gave data consistent with the star structure and proposed mechanism of formation. The effects of HFPO concentration and the molecular weight of the arm precursors on the extent of star polymer formation were investigated. End-functionalized polyisoprene stars were also prepared and have potential application as trifunctional precursors to branched block copolymers.
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