BackgroundNatural anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals may be useful in suppressing the incessant aggravation of rheumatoid arthritis. Chia seeds as a natural source of antioxidants help prevent several oxidative stress-mediated diseases. The current study was focused on arthritis combined with obesity and evaluated the validation of oil and mucilage extracted from chia seeds as anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals in obese and non-obese adjuvant arthritic rat model.MethodsChia seeds oil was extracted by pressing method, whereas the mucilage was extracted using water (50 °C for 30 min). Oil and freeze-dried mucilage were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects using 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Obesity was developed in rats after 8 weeks of feeding on high-fat high-sucrose diet; on the first day of the ninth week, chia seeds oil and mucilage were administrated for 21 days, and arthritis was induced either in obese or non-obese rats via the injection with Freund’s complete adjuvant. Swelling of the paw was then measured. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), lipid profile, liver and kidney functions, serum lipid peroxidation, and erythrocyte catalase activity were determined.ResultsResults emphasized that arthritis with obesity resulted in the elevation of the swelling of the paw, TNF-α, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Chia seeds oil and mucilage, more promisingly the oil, attenuated TNF-α and the swelling of the paw, improved lipid profile, and diminished the oxidative stress both in obese and non-obese arthritic rats.ConclusionsResults showed that chia seeds oil and mucilage exhibited anti-inflammatory effects against adjuvant-induced arthritis in obese and non-obese rats.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-androgenic effect of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum), safflower seed (Carthamus tinctorius) and soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds in form of petroleum ether, ethanol extracts [(300 mg.kg-1 rat body weight)] and whole powder (20% in the diet) using prostate weight method in castrated rats. The safety of the studied plants' was evaluated through determination of liver and kidney functions. Chemical compositions of the studied plants clarified that the highest content of fat (52.5%) and ash (7.5%) were present in sesame seeds, while safflower seeds showed the highest content of crude fiber (11.8%) and carbohydrate (37.8%) also soybean contains high percentage of protein (41.2%). Sesame seeds showed the highest content of total phenolic compound (196.55 mg GAE/100 g), while soybean showed the lowest content (132.5 mg GAE/100 g). Fatty acids analysis revealed that oleic acid was present only in sesame seed oil (66.74%). Linolenic acid (ω-3) (55.77%) was the major fatty acid in flaxseed oil. Soybean oil showed the highest content of linoleic acid (ω-6) (69.84%). All studied plants' oil contains stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. Safflower seed oil showed the highest content of campesterol (9.02%). Administration of different studied plants' to castrated rats produced reduction in prostate weight and significant reduction in testosterone level with variable degrees. All studied plants' showed complete safety towards liver and kidney function. In conclusion, all studied plants could be used as new potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of androgen-related diseases.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.