Integral part of risk assessment of workplaces includes detailed characterization of airborne aerosols in case of such a considerable risk present in workplace atmosphere. Size, particle size distribution and chemical characterization of ultrafine particles in various industrial workplaces are systematically studied by set of techniques including the wide range size resolving sampling system Nano-ID® Select followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) exploited for chemical analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fast Mobility Particle Sizing (FMPS) and Lung Deposited Surface Area Monitoring (LDSA). Results obtained from expertise on particle fractionated mass and the calculated deposition fraction in various compartments of the respiratory system using the ICRP lung deposition model suggest suitability of size-selective sampling and size-related assessment not only for engineered nanoobjects and their aggregates and agglomerates, but also for inadvertently produced emissions of present-day technologies.
Karel lach & iVona smoloVÁ institute of public health ostrava, czech republic absTracT studies in the field of the adverse effect of inhaled particles show that not only particle mass is crucial but also particle size and specific surface are. The main objective of this study was to investigate and characterise ultrafine particle (ufp) emissions on workplace in the manufacture of ceramic tiles at two problematic places -at ceramic tiles kiln and spraying glazing suspension. The process of creating of glaze on the surface of stove tiles is performed at temperatures reaching up to 1,100 o c. at this high temperature occurs fugitive emissions from glaze and ceramic consist of vapours and ufp containing various heavy metals such as pb, cr, cu, mo, Zr, etc. from glaze and ceramic, respectively. The data obtained from the measurements confirmed the significant emissions of ufp at the two chosen workplaces, but the composition of particles, their size distribution and other parameters differed from one to another. in case of the workplace near the kiln, the following parameters were noted: total concentration of particles ranging from 5.6 nm to 560 nm is 2×10 5 -4×10 5 n/cm 3 ; median of size distribution is 37 nm, median of mass distribution is 153 nm, particle surface deposited in tracheobronchial (Tb) part of lungs is 200 µm 2 /cm 3 , particle surface deposited in alveolar (a) part of lungs is 450 µm 2 /cm 3 and the concentration of pb is 3,744 µg/m 3 . in the case of the manual spraying of the glaze suspension on tiles, the following parameters were noted: total concentration of particles is 2×10 5 n/cm 3 ; median of size distribution is 11 nm, median of mass distribution is 177 nm, particle surface deposited in Tb part of lungs is 50 µm 2 /cm 3 , particle surface deposited in a part of lungs is 170 µm 2 /cm 3 and the concentration of pb is 1.9 µg/m 3 . it can be concluded from the data above that both the measured workplaces meet the permissible exposure limit for lead, which is 50 µg/m 3 . it is important to note that, in this study, the health impacts of ufp on staff and employees were not studied.
The paper deals with the state of workplaces which process spent batteries and accumulators by melting them in a shaft furnace, with subsequent refining of crude lead. The first part of this study deals with the working environment near the blast furnace processing crude lead. The second part deals with the incidence and composition of particulate matter in the environment refining crude lead.Lead waste is melted mostly from discarded (broken) lead starter accumulators. Burning of coke inside a shaft furnace causes the melting of lead and its reduction. Measurements of distribution of nano-and microparticles were performed during the described operations. The particles were collected by means of a Nano-ID ® Select fractional sampler to analyze their morphology and chemical compositions. Spherical, cubic, cuboidal, cylindrical and amorphous particles were found, with the prevailing composition of Pb and PbS alloys. However, the atmosphere in proximity to the furnace also contains particles of other heavy metals that pose a high health risk.The crude lead refining process eliminates metallic impurities (Cu, Zn, Ag, Au, Sn, As, Sb) from lead obtaining pure lead and other metals that can be further reused. Measurement of the size dependent distribution of fine aerosol, chemical composition and morphology of nano-and microparticles and the surface area equivalent dose of particles in the size range of 10 to 1000 nanometers were carried out near the copper removing process.
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