Instant messaging may compromise sleep quality and school performance in adolescents. We aimed to determine associations between nighttime messaging and daytime sleepiness, self-reported sleep parameters, and/or school performance. Students from 3 high schools in New Jersey completed anonymous questionnaires assessing sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, messaging habits, and academic performance. Of the 2,352 students sampled, 1,537 responses were contrasted among grades, sexes, and messaging duration, both before and after lights out. Students who reported longer duration of messaging after lights out were more likely to report a shorter sleep duration, higher rate of daytime sleepiness, and poorer academic performance. Messaging before lights out was not associated with higher rates of daytime sleepiness or poorer academic performance. Females reported more messaging, more daytime sleepiness, and better academic performance than males. There may be an association between text messaging and school performance in this cohort of students.

Introduction Our nation suffers from a shortage in surgeons. This deficiency must be addressed at the medical student level. Increasing faculty and resident interaction with junior students augments surgical interest. Our surgical interest group has recently redefined its role to address these concerns. Methods A multifocal approach has been implemented to increase interest in the surgical specialties. Each academic year, senior students recruit first and second year students to our group to establish early exposure. Members receive didactic presentations from surgical faculty, addressing various topics, on a biweekly basis. In addition, scrubbing, knot-tying, and suturing workshops address technical skills throughout the semester. Membership and match data were collated and analyzed. Results Over the past 5 years, the enrollment in the student interest group increased significantly from 112 to 150. Accordingly, we have observed a parallel increase in the number of students who have successfully matched into surgical residencies. A record number of students (37) from the class of 2013 matched into surgical specialties, representing an 85% increase over the last decade. After creating bylaws and electing societal officers, the group has been recognized by the school's Student Council and given financial support. At present, the group is fiscally solvent with support from the institution, surgery department, and faculty. Conclusion As the demand for surgeons increases so too does the need to increase student interest in surgery. Our school has been successful because of our surgical interest group, and we encourage other schools to adopt a similar approach.

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Background: Oncoplastic breast reconstruction improves cosmetic outcomes when compared to standard breast conservation therapy alone. The authors studied whether tailoring a breast reduction to a cancer resection affects complication rates by comparing (1) outcomes between oncoplastic and benign macromastia patients and (2) complication rates between the cancer side and the symmetrizing side of an oncoplastic reduction. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on female patients who underwent either oncoplastic or benign breast reduction over 9 years by a single surgeon. Patient demographics, intraoperative data, and postoperative outcomes were gathered from the electronic medical record. Chi-square and t tests were performed when appropriate to determine significance. Results: Of the 211 patients included in the study, 62 (29.4 percent) underwent oncoplastic breast reduction and 149 (70.6 percent) underwent breast reduction for benign macromastia. Total resection weight was greater in the benign group (p = 0.00). There was a higher rate of loss of nipple sensation in the oncoplastic group (p = 0.005) but no differences in any other complication. There was a higher complication rate in the oncologic breast when compared to the symmetrizing breast within the oncoplastic cohort (p = 0.039), but no differences in the rates of individual complications. Conclusions: Although the loss of nipple sensation was increased in patients undergoing oncoplastic breast reduction, all other outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups. The authors’ findings indicate that oncoplastic breast reduction can be performed with a safety profile similar to that of a standard breast reduction. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.

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The microbiome refers to a population of microbes that colonize the skin, nasopharynx, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract. The human microbiome consists of bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and phages. Recent advances in genomic sequencing have catalyzed a deeper understanding of complex microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions. Dysregulation of these interactions, or dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal tract, has been implicated in a growing list of pathologies including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, depression, Parkinson's disease, autism, and various gastrointestinal cancers. Gastric and esophageal cancer, for example, continue to remain as two of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, therefore there is an increased emphasis on investigating the role of dysbiosis on these cancers. In this review, we discuss the development and structure of the gut microbiome, its homeostatic and dysbiotic mechanisms, and the key microbes in esophageal and gastric carcinogenesis with a focus on bacterial biology. Further clarification of these pathways and discovery of diagnostic or therapeutic targets could have broad impacts on global subpopulations. It is important to understand the nature of the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and its potentional risk factors for dysbiosis in order to tailor its application to the individual patient and create an era of highly personalized, precision medicine.

Available online on:15.12.2017@http://ijrdpl.com http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(7). 2888-2892 ABSTRACT: Objective: The first month of life, the post-natal period, for the mother and the newborn is the most critical time in the life. Based on these facts Government of India took an initiative, Home Based Post Natal Care (HBPNC), to follow up postnatal mothers and newborns for first six weeks. The present study assessed the quality of home based newborn care (a component of home based post-natal care) provided by ASHA workers and various factors associated with it. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted under Community Health Center, Dubaldhan in block Beri of Haryana. A total of 60 ASHA workers were visited and all the newborn under the supervision of each ASHA worker were included in the study. In this way 259 newborns were contacted. A scoring system was used to assess the quality of Home based newborn care given by ASHA worker Results: Majority of ASHA workers were not able to record temperature and weight of the baby correctly. Regarding care of cord and danger signs in newborn only half (50%) of the mothers were counselled, whereas, only 48% mothers were counselled regarding care of eyes. Statistically significant association of quality of newborn care with education and training attended by ASHA Workers was seen. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that most of the new born babies were not getting good quality of home based newborn care. Recent training attended by ASHA worker is highly associated with providing good quality newborn care to babies by ASHA workers.

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