In this study, the extraction characteristics of soluble solid from Rumex crispus(Curled dock) was studied from the investigation of the effects of experimental conditions on extraction rate; extraction ratio, composition of extractants, extraction time and pH of extractant, etc. The proximate composition of Rumex crispus was 2.58% crude lipid, 5.59% crude protein, 7.39% crude ash, 6.13% moisture and 78.31% carbohydrate, respectively. Turbidity of extract by distilled water was higher and increased with extraction time and extraction temperature, where as the turbidity didn't increase by ethanol and methanol in 20 folds of extraction ratio. Turbidity was inversely proportional to the extraction ratio for the three extractants at 25℃ and 1 hour extraction. But turbidity of extract was highest by composition of 50% methanol-water extractant than any other compositions of extractants. Eighteen and fifteen free aminoacids were detected in extracts with distilled water, methanol and ethanol extractant, respectively, and it's contents were order of glutamic acid>proline>aminobutyric acid>alanine. The extraction rate of soluble solid from Rumex crispus was order of distilled water>methanol>ethanol within experimental extraction ratio. In extraction with distilled water, the contents of soluble solid was inversely proportional to the pH of extractant.
Paulownia coreana is a medicinal, edible and industrial plant with the largest leaf, and is native to Korea. We evaluated the reducing power activities, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities (RSAs), nitrite scavenging activities (NSAs) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation RSAs by solvent extraction of P. coreana bark by using 50℃ hot water and 25℃ methanol. The antioxidative effect of P. coreana bark extract on corn seed oil was evaluated using the Rancimat test. The extraction yields on dry weight basis with 15 folds of hot water and methanol were 23.88% and 5.30%, respectively; further the flavonoid content in the hot water extract was over 2.5 times more than that in the methanol extract. The DPPH RSA of the methanol extract was substantially higher than that of the water extract, whereas the NSA of the water extract was higher than that of the methanol extract at pH 1.2. The ABTS RSAs of the two extracts were almost the same as that of ascorbic acid and 2,6-ditertiarybutyl hydroxytoluene. The two extracts of P. coreana bark in this study were found to slightly improve the oxidation stability of corn seed oil.
The cleaning efficiency of EO (ethylene oxide) 8~9 mole was about 78-80%, it is the best. The highest cleaning efficiency for each EO mole concentration is as follows. The cleaning efficiency was 97% in the surfactant of 4.8% EO 5 mole, the cleaning efficiency was 97% in the surfactant of 7.7% EO 8 mole, and 68% in the surfactant of 7.7% EO 10 mole. The cleaning efficiency was measured using a surfactant with various EO mole. All detergents were tested at 20% surfactant concentration and EO 8 and EO 9 showed the highest cleaning power. In experiments using 8 mole of EO surfactant NPE8, the highest cleaning power was obtained at surfactant concentration of 7.7%. To determine the cause of this, the electrical conductivity of the solution was measured at the concentration of NPE8 at 1.6%, 4.8%, 7.7%, 14.4% and 20%, respectively. After washing the test plate with NPE8, the detergent remaining on the surface of the test plate was analyzed by FT / IR, and it was found that the detergent did not remain.
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