The effect of melatonin on endometrial cancer cell growth was investigated using two cell lines, SNG-II and Ishikawa, which are different in their estrogen receptor status. A physiological concentration of melatonin (10(-9) M) showed no growth inhibitory effect on SNG-II cells, which are estrogen receptor-negative at all cell densities and incubation times. In contrast, melatonin significantly inhibited Ishikawa cells, which are estrogen receptor-positive at all cell densities tested after 96 hr incubation. The greatest inhibition of Ishikawa cell growth was observed at 10(-9) M melatonin, compared with other supra (10(-6), 10(-8) M) or subphysiological concentrations (10(-10), 10(-12) M). This growth inhibitory effect of melatonin on Ishikawa cells was completely blocked by 10(-10) to 10(-8) M concentrations of 17-beta estradiol administration. Pretreatment with luzindole, which is a selective melatonin receptor antagonist, prior to the addition of melatonin also blocked the inhibitory effect of melatonin on Ishikawa cells. This is the first study to demonstrate an anti-proliferative effect of physiological melatonin on endometrial cancer cells in vitro. The present study revealed that melatonin also inhibits the growth of estrogen receptor positive endometrial cancer cells and that this effect of the pineal indole may be mediated by both steroid and melatonin receptors.
Genetic parameters for 54 carcass and chemical traits, such as general composition (moisture, crude fat and crude protein), fatty acid composition and water‐soluble compounds (free amino acids, peptides, nucleotides and sugars) of 587 commercial Japanese Black cattle were assessed. Heritability estimates for carcass traits and general composition ranged between 0.19–0.28, whereas those for fatty acid composition ranged between 0.11–0.85. Most heritability estimates for water‐soluble compounds were lower than 0.30; these traits were affected by aging period. Moderate heritability was observed for glutamine, alanine, taurine, anserine, inosine 5′‐monophosphate (IMP), inosine and myo‐inositol. In particular, heritability estimates were the highest (0.66) for taurine. Traits with moderate heritability were unaffected by aging period, with the exception of IMP, which was affected by aging period but exhibited moderate heritability (0.47). Although phenotypic correlations of water‐soluble compounds with carcass weight (CW), beef marbling standard (BMS) and monounsaturated fatty acid were generally low, genetic correlations between these traits were low to high. At the genetic level, most of the water‐soluble compounds were positively correlated with monounsaturated fatty acid but negatively correlated with CW and BMS. Thus, our results indicate that genetic variance and correlations could exist and be captured for some of the water‐soluble compounds.
The changes in i.m. fat deposition in the principal muscles [M. semitendinosus, M. semimembranosus, M. psoas major, M. latissimus dorsi, LM (7th to 8th and 10th to 11th thoracic vertebrae), and M. supraspinatus] from 24 to 30 mo of age were investigated using identical twins of Japanese Black steers. Four sets of identical twins of Japanese Black steers were used in this study. Animals were fattened from 10 to 24 or 30 mo of age for each pair of identical twins. Body weights of twin steers slaughtered at 24 and at 30 mo of age were similar at 10 mo of age and thereafter up to 24 mo of age. The changes in serum concentration of vitamin A, glucose, total cholesterol, albumin, and total protein were similar in each pair of twins during the first fattening stage (10 to 24 mo). Fat contents of LM (7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae) at 24 and 30 mo of age were 37.0 and 42.4%, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, in the principal muscles, except M. semimembranosus and M. supraspinatus, fat content at 30 mo of age was greater than at 24 mo of age (P < 0.05). The proportional increase in fat content from 24 to 30 mo of age was greatest in M. semitendinosus (+58.7%) and least in M. supraspinatus (+6.1%). These results demonstrate that i.m. fat continues to increase after 24 mo of age, and the rates of i.m. fat deposition and the ages when i.m. fat is deposited are different for every muscle.
HIF-1alpha and GLUT-1 expressions seemed to be coordinated to adapt ovarian tumor cells into hypoxic conditions in close association with the acquisition of malignancy. We consider that the relatively strong expression of both markers in serous tumors compared with mucinous tumors is related to the difference in their histological characteristics.
S100 proteins belong to the EF-hand Ca(2+ )-binding protein family and regulate a variety of cellular processes via interaction with different target proteins. Several diseases, including cancer and melanoma, are related to the abnormal expression of S100 proteins, which are expressed in cell- and tissue-specific manners. We investigated the expression of S100 family members in human uterine smooth muscle tumours. Expression of six members of the S100 protein family: S100A1, A4, A6, A7, A10 and A11, was found in human uterine leiomyoma and myometrium tissue, but expression of other members was not detected by RT-PCR. Real-time PCR showed that S100A11 expression was significantly increased in leiomyoma compared with myometrium. Suppression of S100A11 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to apoptosis, and the overexpression of S100A11 inhibited apoptosis in human uterine smooth muscle tumour cells. These findings suggest that S100A11 has an anti-apoptotic function and is related to the process of growth of human uterine leiomyoma.
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