Two species of trichomycetous fungi, Asellaria armadillidii (Asellariales) and Parataeniella armadillidii (Eccrinales), were found attached to the hindgut lining of the pill bug, Armadillidium vulgare. In the former fungus, the thallus was composed of a basal cell bearing an apical whorl of many lateral branches. Electron micrographs in ultrathin sections showed that an electron-opaque holdfast substance surrounded the rhizoidal projections of the basal cell. The cross wall of the thallus was the typical bifurcate type of septum, i.e., the wall flared at the central perforation which was occluded by an electron-opaque plug. This is the third report of this type of septum in the order Asellariales. The bifurcated structure of the septal wall was found to remain at the distal portion of the mature arthrospore cell wall. In P. armadillidii, both primary and secondary infestation sporangiospores were examined in ultrathin sections. A number of electron-transparent pits, 40–50 nm in diameter, were found in the basal portion of the cell wall of secondary infestation sporangiospores which were still contained inside the sporangium. Key words: Asellaria, bifurcate septum, Parataeniella, Trichomycetes.
This study investigates the effects of immediate repetition of auditory words on L2 pronunciation improvement of English schwa by Japanese EFL learners. More specifically, the study is concerned with how the amount of input (i.e., five or ten repetitions) and stimuli characteristics (i.e., the position of schwa in a word, word familiarity) influences the repetition effect. The study consists of a study and a test phase: In the study phase, participants listened to and repeated words. In the test phase, they repeated spoken stimuli including previously heard as well as new words, both ten minutes and one week after the study phase. The auditory materials consisted of 32 real words. The duration ratio of schwa to a stressed vowel in a word and the quality of the schwa were acoustically examined. A repetition effect was mainly found in the durational aspect. Repeating the stimuli more than five times did not differentiate the effect. One week after the study phase, the effect persisted only for initial schwa, which is weakly represented in the participants' mental representation. The pedagogical implications for L2 pronunciation teaching from the view of language processing are discussed.
This study investigates the effects of immediate repetition of auditory words on L2 pronunciation improvement of English schwa by Japanese EFL learners. More specifically, the study is concerned with how the amount of input (i.e., five or ten repetitions) and stimuli characteristics (i.e., the position of schwa in a word, word familiarity) influences the repetition effect. The study consists of a study and a test phase: In the study phase, participants listened to and repeated words. In the test phase, they repeated spoken stimuli including previously heard as well as new words, both ten minutes and one week after the study phase. The auditory materials consisted of 32 real words. The duration ratio of schwa to a stressed vowel in a word and the quality of the schwa were acoustically examined. A repetition effect was mainly found in the durational aspect. Repeating the stimuli more than five times did not differentiate the effect. One week after the study phase, the effect persisted only for initial schwa, which is weakly represented in the participants' mental representation. The pedagogical implications for L2 pronunciation teaching from the view of language processing are discussed.
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