Background:Skin adnexal tumors (SAT) encompass wide spectrum of benign and malignant tumors that differentiate toward one or more adnexal structures found in normal skin. Overall incidence of SATs is low yet they can be challenging to diagnose.Aims:The aim of this study is to study the spectrum and microscopic features of SATs.Materials and Methods:It was a retrospective cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted over a period of 3 years. Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological analysis.Results:Out of the total 34,400 biopsies, 110 cases were diagnosed as SATs comprising 39.09% of tumors with follicular differentiation followed by tumors showing sweat gland differentiation (37.27%), and sebaceous differentiation (23.63%). The age ranged from 5 years to 85 years and male:female ratio was 1.03:1. Most of the tumors were benign (82.73%) while only 17.27% were malignant. Pilomatricoma (28.2%) was the most common benign tumor while sebaceous carcinoma (11.8%) was the most common malignant tumor.Conclusion:Architectural features are of great importance in differentiating benign tumors from malignant.

No abstract

Background:Tumors of the central nervous system in the pediatric age group occur relatively frequently during the early years of life. Brain tumors are the most common solid malignancies of childhood and only second to acute childhood leukemia. Squash cytology is an indispensable diagnostic aid to central nervous system (CNS) lesions. The definitive diagnosis of brain lesions is confirmed by histological examination.Aim:To study the cytology of CNS lesions in pediatric population and correlate it with histopathology.Materials and Methods:One hundred and fifty cases of CNS lesions in pediatric patients were studied over a period of 2 years. Intraoperative squash smears were prepared, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined. Remaining sample was subjected to histopathological examination.Results:Medulloblastoma (24.0%) was the most frequently encountered tumor followed by pilocyctic astrocytoma (21.33%) and ependymoma (13.33%). Diagnostic accuracy of squash smear technique was 94.67% when compared with histological diagnosis.Conclusion:Smear cytology is a fairly accurate tool for intraoperative CNS consultations.

Objective: Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) is an aggressive extranodal lymphoma of NK-cell or T-cell lineage. Its clinical features overlap with those of several sinonasal mass lesions. While the histopathological features are well described, diagnosis is often difficult, owing to presence of extensive coagulative necrosis, so that repeated biopsies may sometimes be necessary for correct diagnosis. Literature on cytological findings of ENKTL is limited. Methods: Cytomorphological features of cases of histologically confirmed ENKTLhaving corresponding cytology samples were reviewed retrospectively, to identify distinctive features that could possibly suggest this entity. Results:Aspirates from five patients were studied: four from cervical nodes, one from cheek swelling and one from pleural fluid. Two aspirates were reported as positive for malignancy, two as atypical lymphoid proliferation and one was non-diagnostic. Pleural fluid was reported as malignant, favouring a diagnosis of carcinoma. On cytology, aspirates showed medium to large cells with folded, indented nuclei and abundant pale cytoplasm, some with tongue-like cytoplasmic protrusions. A distinctive feature was presence of large loose clusters of tumour cells with arborising capillaries running through them. Interestingly, necrosis was consistently absent.Subsequent biopsies from palate (three cases) and nasal masses (two cases) confirmed the diagnosis of ENKTL.Conclusions: Suspicion of ENKTL on cytology is crucial for timely diagnosis to avoid diagnostic delay, especially when only highly necrotic biopsy samples are available.Awareness of distinctive cytomorphological features is required to make fine needle aspiration an effective diagnostic tool for initial diagnosis and for evaluation of possible recurrences. K E Y W O R D Saspiration cytology, fluid cytology, haematolymphoid, NK/T-cell lymphoma, sinonasal

No abstract

Background:Intraoperative squash smear cytology is a simple and reliable technique for rapid intraoperative diagnosis of neurosurgical specimens. The study was designed to assess the accuracy of intraoperative squash smear in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) space-occupying lesions.Materials and Methods:One hundred and fifty cases of CNS space-occupying lesion were studied in a period of 15 months. Smears were prepared from the biopsy sample obtained at the time of operation and were stained with rapid hematoxylin and eosin method.Results:One hundred and forty-one cases showed complete correlation with histopathology, two cases showed partial correlation, and seven cases were discrepant. The overall diagnostic accuracy was found to be 94%.Conclusion:Intraoperative squash smear thus provides diagnosis with fair accuracy in brain tumors and is of great value in intraoperative consultation.

Nuclear grade scoring on cytology is simple to perform, and is predictive of high grade patterns. Its inclusion in routine reporting of cytology samples of lung ADs may be valuable.

BackgroundSerous effusions (SE) in leukemic patients can be due to infections, therapy, volume overload, lymphatic obstruction or malignancy having implications on treatment and mortality. The objective of the present study is to highlight the spectrum of cytomorphology, immunophenotype, and cytogenetics in leukemic serous effusions (LSE).MaterialsPresent study is retrospective and descriptive. We reviewed all the SE, which were reported as suspicious or positive of leukemic infiltration from 2016 to 2019 for cytomorphological features. CSF and effusions involved by lymphomas were excluded. Cyto‐diagnosis was compared with primary proven diagnosis (by ancillary techniques) and disconcordant cases were analyzed.ResultsOut of total 9723 effusions, only 0.4% (n = 40) showed leukemic involvement and included nine cases of AML, three of B‐ALL, 13 T‐ALL, 2 MPAL, 6 CML, 5CLL, one each of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and AML with myelodysplasia. The most common site of involvement was the pleural cavity (n = 30), followed by the peritoneal cavity (n = 7) and the pericardial cavity (n = 3). T ‐ALL (41.9%) was the most common leukemia involving pleural fluid followed by AML (23.3%). CML (42.8%) was the most common leukemia involving the ascitic fluid followed by B‐ALL (28.6%). Accurate diagnosis was given on cytomorphology in 72.5% (29/40) cases and 15.0% (6/40) were reported as non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.ConclusionCytology is an effective tool available to make a diagnosis of LSE. Nuclear indentations in large atypical cells and cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm with sparse or abundant eosinophils in the background are an important clue in favor of leukemia over lymphoma.