Background and Aim: A facial paralysis can be enormously distressing for a person. In order to restore and rehab face symmetry, it is essential to understand the source and type of nerve damage. Lower motor neuron facial paralysis was investigated in the current study to assess its various causes. Patients and Method: This prospective study was carried out on 48 facial nerve palsy (FNP) in the Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad from January 2021 to August 2022. Patients diagnosed with peripheral facial nerve paralysis of any age and both genders were enrolled. Patient’s details such as time of symptom onset, paralysis duration, rapidity of progression, and paralysis completeness were evaluated. Each individual was interviewed about family history, medical illness such as malignancy, tuberculosis, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, previous episodes, any prior surgery, trauma history, and related symptoms such as neurological, auditory, and vestibular. Lesion site and treatment response was administered by Topo diagnostic tests. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS version 26. Results: Out of 48 FNP patients, 34 (70.8%) were male and female 14 (29.2%) respectively. The overall mean age was 35.8±6.2 years with an age range 5 to 70 years. Patients were distributed into different age groups as follows: 6 (12.5%) in 5-20 years, 19 (39.6%) in 21-35 years, 16 (33.3%) in 36-50 years, and 7 (14.6%) in 51-70 years. The prevalence of left and right side affected patients were 20 (41.7%) and 28 (58.3%) respectively. The most prevalent causes of FNP were idiopathic and external trauma found in 12 (25%) cases followed by infections and tumour found in 8 (16.7%) cases. Severity of paralysis calculated based on H. Brackman grading were as follows: Grade IV, V, and VI paralysis were found in 22 (45.8%), 8 (16.7%), and 2 (4.2%) respectively. Physiotherapy and conservative treatment was given to 26 (54.2%) patients followed by facial nerve surgery in 14 (29.2%) patients. Conclusion: The present study found that External trauma and Bell's palsy are the leading causes of LMN facial nerve paralysis. The right side was more affected than the left side, and male patients predominated. Upon presentation, most lesions were suprageniculate and had House Brackmann severity scores of IV. After a one-year follow-up, most of our peripheral facial paralysis cases had recovered fully or partially. Keywords: Facial nerve palsy, Outcomes, Causes, House Brackmann severity.
Background: The major theme of the research is relieving the patients by prescribing the placebo prescription by the health care provider of tertiary health care services. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted for the period of one year from February 2020 to January 2021 at various government and private tertiary care institutes of Nawab Shah, Kotri, Jamshoro and Hyderabad Districts after approval of the ethical committee of concern institutes and total 238 study subjects were selected. Results: The consequences of placebo prescription were approximately 80%. 137 were males and 101 were females. 130(54.62%) Doctors were from the government sector, 108(45.37%) were from private institutes. 21(8.8%) placebo prescriptions was assumed as alternative medicine, 52(21.84%) as Prebiotics, 63(26.47%) as saline injections. 41(17.22%) placebo was prescribed because patients need them, 67(28.5%) placebo was prescribed for psychological therapy. 41(17.22%) placebo was usually effective, 129(54.2%) were sometimes effective, 20(8.40%) never had any effect and 48(20.16%) had other outcomes for the placebo prescriptions. Conclusion: Descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted for the period of one year from February 2020 to January 2021 at various government and private tertiary care institutes of Nawab Shah, Kotri, Jamshoro and Hyderabad Districts after approval of the ethical committee of concerned institutes
Background: Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for a wide range of illnesses, including lung and heart disease, cancer, and many others. There are currently 1.2 billion smokers around the globe, and that figure is expected to climb by 1.6 billion by the year 2020. Tobacco use kills about 3.5 to 4 million people worldwide every year, and this number is expected to rise to 10 million by 2020. Mostly, the acute consequences of smoking are well-documented. These contain an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as a decrease in cardiac output and vasoconstriction. Smoking is the subject of the current investigation. Smokers vs non-smokers on ECG and blood pressure. Objectives: To examine the differences in blood pressure between people who smoke and those who don't and to examine the differences in ECG waveforms between smokers and nonsmokers Methods: May 2020 through April 2021 was when the research was carried out at PUMHS, There were fifty smokers and fifty non-smokers aged 20 to 35 years old in each group. After a thorough description of the study's goals and objectives, only those individuals who agreed to take part were included. Participants who met certain criteria were discarded. Blood pressure (sitting position) and an electrocardiogram (supine posture) were got while the individuals were in a resting condition. Results: The research had 100 participants, 50 of them were smokers and the other 50 were non-smokers. Nonsmokers and smokers had similar age distributions, and the disparity was not statistically significant (p-value- 0.97). In Lead III, 54% had an inverted wave compared to 40% normal and this difference found to be statistically significant, i.e. highest percentage of flat and inverted waves found in smokers. The difference in presence of abnormal waves among smokers and non-smokers in Lead V1 to V4 was found to be statistically significant. When a comparison of vitals and ECG between smokers based on pack-years (1- 3 pack-year, 4-6pack year, and 7-9pack year) was done there was no statistical significance attributed to various other parameters like pulse, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic BP, diastolic BP, P wave amplitude, P wave duration, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and QRS axis, except QTc. Conclusion: Researchers found that in smokers, there were a variety of ECG alterations and an increase in blood pressure despite the lack of any heart disease. Keywords: Smokers; Non-smokers; Blood Pressure; ECG.
Objectives: To study changes in electrocardiogram AND pulmonary function tests in a group of women with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism. Methodology: The study was conducted on 30 women between the ages of 20 and 40 with subclinical hypothyroidism and compared to 30 age and gender-matched controls. The student's test was used to do statistical analysis in SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 30 women who had subclinical hypothyroidism and 30 healthy, age- and sex-matched controls were included. The mean±SD height of the controls was 152.9 ± 3.7 cm and that of SCH patients was 153.1 ± 4.08 cm. Height differences between the two groups were insignificant. The mean±SD weight of the controls was 51.9 ± 4.5 kg and that of SCH subjects was 53.2 ± 4.3 kg. Weight differences between the two groups were insignificant. The mean±SD BMI of the controls was 22.16 ± 1.64 kg/m2 and that of SCH subjects was 22.71 ± 1.99 kg/m2. BMI differences between the two groups were insignificant. Conclusion: Results have suggested that the changes will occur in spirometry and electrocardiogram, even in the subclinical state of hypothyroidism. Precautions can be taken at this stage to prevent progression to overt hypothyroidism. Keywords: Subclinical hypothyroidism; TSH; spirometry; ECG; muscle strength; QTc; females; early treatment
Background: During gestational period, the most common disorder is hypertension that directly affects the gestation. The frequency of gestational hypertension is increasing day by day and ultimately the pressure is developed on the endothelial wall. Gestational hypertension mostly reduces the platelet counts. Aim of Study: The major theme of this research is evaluating the count of platelet during pregnancy and other gestational conditions. Methodology: A Retrospective research was carried out for the period of 06 months at Gynae and Obstetrics ward at tertiary care hospital of Sindh, Pakistan. Total 104 females were selected with different gestational age and trimester. A questionnaire was filled by all participants that were comprised of demographic data and gestational conditions such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, parity and seizure episodes. Females with highest risk factors diseases such as Diabetes, Hepatic disorder, Anemia, renal disorder and cardio vascular disease were not included in our research. Blood samples were collected from all selected participants for proper platelet count and data was compared with normal ranges of platelet count among the pregnant females. Data was analyzed by using statistical software 24.00 versions. Results: It was observed that 49 patients were having normal pregnancy, 32 had preeclampsia and 23 had eclampsia. 38 participants were first timer & 52 were having second time parity. 58 participants had 2nd trimester of pregnancy. According to condition of anemia, 27 had severe anemic condition whereas 43 had moderate anemic condition. 49 participants had reduced level of platelet count and 17 had very low platelet count. Severity of gestation can be managed through proper management and physician instructions. Hypertension was measured through severity scale, 29 patients had moderate level of hypertension and 22 had severe level of hypertension. 19 participants had very abnormal level of blood count. Conclusion: It was concluded that proper diagnostic test should be conducted on time for proper management of reduced platelet count and there should be proper mass counseling should be conducted in order to overcome the deficiency of platelet count. There should be proper diet and exercise during pregnancy that can manage the condition of hypertension. Severity of gestation can be managed through proper management and physician instructions.
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