Background: The surgical site infection is the second most common infectious complication occurring after caesarean section. Infections occurring after caesarean section represent a considerable burden to the healthcare systems and preventing these complications is a priority of healthcare systems especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of SSI in patients undergoing a LSCS at a RIMS teaching hospital, Raichur, and to identify risk factors, common bacterial pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity.Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in RIMS Institute, during a period of 3 years i.e. from 2013-2016. In this study a total of 50 cases were collected from MRD department. They were divided into two groups- cases and controls, each having 50 subjects each. Wound infection was defined as inflammation or sepsis with or without positive bacterial cultures. With SSI, there may be fever, redness, swelling and/or pain in the area around the incision site. Complete information regarding demographic data, the type and indication for caesarean section, duration of labour, duration of surgery and rupture of membrane were recorded. Wound infections occuring after 30 days of LSCS & other gynaecological surgeries were excluded. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software 16.0. Chi-square test and student t test were used for the assessment of level of significance. Probability value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 100 subjects were included in the present study, out of which, 50 were cases and the remaining 50 were controls. The mean age of the subjects was 37.45 years. There were 7 cases and 13 controls who were aged between 20-24 years. There was no significant difference amongst cases and controls regarding age. There was a significant difference in the haemoglobin levels amongst cases and controls. The third criterion that was assessed was duration of labour. Majority of the cases had prolonged labour whereas in majority of the controls, the duration of labour of labour was less than 6 hours. There was a significant difference in duration of labour amongst cases and controls (p<0.05). Elective c section was done in 2 cases and 6 controls. C section was performed in an emergency in 48 cases and 44 controls. There was a significant difference in the operation time between cases and controls (p<0.05). E.coli infection occurred in 15 cases in the present study followed by Actinobacter species which occurred in 13 cases. Absence of growth was seen in 5 cases.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with SSI in our study were, haemoglobin levels, prolonged labour, duration of operation. The most common organisms isolated were E. coli and Actinobacter species.
Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of disability in general population commonly causing upper motor neuron syndrome complications like spasticity, which is more common in upper limb. Ethanol injection into spastic muscle is an emerging effective treatment in the spasticity management. Ethanol causes selective destruction of nerve fibers through denaturation of protein.Methods: A randomized controlled study was conducted for a period of 2 years from March 2018 on sixty-eight hemiplegic patients to assess the effectiveness of ethanol muscle block in reduction of spasticity and improvement in functional ability. The patients were allocated into two groups (Group A and B). Group A received ultrasound guided intramuscular ethanol injection along with range of motion (ROM) exercises and wrist hand orthosis (WHO) and Group B received ROM exercises and WHO. The outcomes were measured by modified ashworth scale (MAS) for spasticity and modified version of motor assessment scale for functional improvement.Results: Intervention group showed significant improvement in spasticity shown by reduction of MAS of elbow flexors from 3 at baseline to 1.15±0.3 at 12 weeks as compared to control group with 3 at baseline to 1.76±0.5 at 12 weeks (p<0.05). Upper limb function scale of study group improved from 1.5±0.8 to 3.0±0.6 at 12 weeks compared to control group 1.3±0.8 to 2.8±0.6 (p<0.05).Conclusions: It can thus be concluded that intramuscular injection of ethanol accompanied by wrist hand orthosis have beneficial effect on improvement of spasticity and upper limb function.
Objective:- To compare the effectiveness between the radiofrequency ablation of articular branches of obturator and femoral nerves and intraarticular steroid injection for treatment of chronic hip pain secondary to Osteoarthritis(OA) Methods:- Forty two patients with hip OA were included in a prospective, randomised controlled trial, which were distributed in two group. The study group (group A) received radiofrequency ablation(RFA) of sensory branches of femoral and obturator nerve, while the control group(group B) received intra-articular steroid. Outcome measures used were VAS and WOMAC, assessment were done at baseline, 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks post procedure. All analyses were based on intention-to-treat using SPSS, version 21. There was signicant improvement of VAS Results:- score in both groups (p<0.05) in all follow-up period. However at 12 weeks and 24 weeks group A showed more signicant improvement when compared to Group B. The WOMAC score at 4 weeks follow-up shows no signicant difference in improvement for both pain and function in both group. However at 12 weeks and 24 weeks, group A showed a signicant improvement (p<0.05) compared to group B. Conclusions: Both RFA and intra-articular steroid injection reduces pain in hip OA. However, results of radiofrequency ablation in this study provides longer duration of pain reduction and functional improvement. Hence RFA can be preferred over intra-articular steroid injection for treatment modality.
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