Endoscopic treatment with nasobiliary drainage without sphincterotomy is the optimal method of management of traumatic hepatobiliary injuries in hemodynamically stable patients.
participated as readers. In total, 123 questions and answers were generated. The type and content of the questions referred to issues affecting PHC and general practice worldwide. Dozens of important scientific references were exchanged.This conference was a very fruitful experience that allowed for the gathering of several generations of GPs and general practice trainees, as well as the special guest.We conclude that a virtual conference organised on an e-mail list server can be an extremely powerful tool of professional development. It is also worth emphasising the temporal flexibility of this event and its lack of rigid schedules, which allows participants to engage in the event at times convenient for them and free of charge. Furthermore, other than the time spent on its organisation, the conference did not incur any financial expense, sponsorship or other outlay. Context and setting Faculty staff development and training opportunities in health professions education in developing countries are limited. The need for faculty development programmes has been expressed in various taskforce recommendations and by regulatory authorities. Why the idea was necessary As a recently established university department of medical education, we envisaged a multi-tiered faculty development programme that would fill identified gaps in health professions education. To define the focus and content of this programme, we conducted a needs assessment targeting key stakeholders. What was done Three stakeholder groups, namely, a core team of university leadership, workshop faculty members and participants in existing programmes, took part in a survey. The survey instrument listed 39 competencies under nine education-related themes: learning; curriculum; teaching; assessment; continuing professional development; administration; mentoring; education research, and leadership. Participants were asked to rate each competency for its importance and their ability in it using a 4-point Likert scale. Additionally, structured interviews were conducted for the core group. Evaluation of results and impact For each of the three groups, competency means for importance and ability were ranked in descending order. Teaching and assessment received the highest importance rankings and teaching received the highest ability ranking. The importance-ability gap was greatest for assessment across all three groups. The interviews identified faculty motivation and communication skills as key areas of deficiency. The participant group's high selfratings on teaching and education research were an indicator of the existing programme's impact. This study identified perceived gaps in specific competencies, thus indicating directions for future programmes. It provided evidence of the positive impact of existing programmes and also brought funding. Most importantly, it established trust with stakeholders and built a foundation for future collaboration and support.Strategic planning is a complex process. For programmes to succeed, plans must be evidencebased and ha...
Multiple neural tube defects may not be very rare in the general population, especially the populations with high incidence of neural tube defects. Multisite closure theory has the versatility to explain various combinations of neural tube defects, but better insights into the molecular pathways governing this tightly regulated process can provide us the missing link in establishing the pathogenesis of multiple NTDs. It can also provide us with an opportunity to prevent NTDs or treat them in utero by pharmacological modulation of these signaling pathways.
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