Ternary structure has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to realize high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organic solar cells (OSCs), however general materials selection rules still remain incompletely understood. In this work, two non-fullerene small molecule acceptors 3TP3T-4F and 3TP3T-IC are synthesized and incorporated as the third component in the PM6:Y6 binary blends. The photovoltaic behaviors in the resultant ternary OSCs differ significantly, despite the comparable energy levels. We found that incorporation of 15% 3TP3T-4F into the PM6:Y6 blend results in facilitating exciton dissociation, increasing charge transport and reducing trap-assisted recombination. All these features are

During the past decade, solution-processed bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) have made great strides and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 16% have been achieved. [1-6] However, the PCEs of top-performing

Mechanisms underlying lymphocyte lineage stability and plasticity remain elusive. Recent work indicates that innate lymphoid cells (ILC) possess substantial plasticity. Whereas natural ILC2 (nILC2) produce type-2 cytokines, “plastic” inflammatory ILC2 (iILC2) can co-produce both type-2 cytokines and also the ILC3-characteristic cytokine IL-17. Mechanisms that elicit this lineage plasticity, and the importance in health and disease, remain unclear. Here we show that iILC2 are potent inducers of airway inflammation in response to acute house dust mite challenge. We find that Notch signaling induces lineage plasticity of mature ILC2 and drives the conversion of nILC2 into iILC2. Acute blockade of Notch signaling abolished functional iILC2, but not nILC2, in vivo. Exposure of isolated nILC2 to Notch ligands induced Rorc expression and elicited dual IL-13/IL-17 production, converting nILC2 into iILC2. Together these results reveal a novel role for Notch signaling in eliciting ILC2 plasticity and driving the emergence of highly pro-inflammatory innate lymphocytes.

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At present, most of the top-performing organic solar cells (OSCs) are processed with high boiling point solvent additives, which usually have a negative effect on the device stability. To overcome...

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The exploration of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with a large NLO response promotes a diverse range of photonic applications. With excellent optoelectronics property, perovskite semiconductors have attracted more and more attention in the field of nonlinear optics. In this work, lead-free all-inorganic perovskites of CsSnBr3 nanoplates are synthesized successfully on mica substrates by the solid-source chemical vapor deposition method for the first time. The thickness of as-prepared CsSnBr3 nanoplates controlled well by adjusting the growth time demonstrates their important role in crystallinity, photoluminescence (PL), and NLO response. With the increase of thickness, the peak intensities of X-ray diffraction and PL increase, while the performance parameters of the NLO response, such as the nonlinear absorption coefficient, nonlinear refractive index, and so forth, decrease accordingly. A light self-absorption effect contributes to this opposite phenomenon of the NLO response. It is worth to pointing out that the reported nonlinear absorption coefficients of (−6.86 ± 0.10) × 104 cm·GW–1 at 532 nm and (2.39 ± 0.07) × 104 cm·GW–1 at 1064 nm are the few giant values among the reported NLO materials, promising the applications for pulsed lasers, optical switches, optical modulators, optical memories. and so forth.