An ischemic stroke occurs when the blood supply is obstructed to the vascular basin, causing the death of nerve cells and forming the ischemic core. Subsequently, the brain enters the stage of reconstruction and repair. The whole process includes cellular brain damage, inflammatory reaction, blood–brain barrier destruction, and nerve repair. During this process, the proportion and function of neurons, immune cells, glial cells, endothelial cells, and other cells change. Identifying potential differences in gene expression between cell types or heterogeneity between cells of the same type helps to understand the cellular changes that occur in the brain and the context of disease. The recent emergence of single-cell sequencing technology has promoted the exploration of single-cell diversity and the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of ischemic stroke, thus providing new ideas and directions for the diagnosis and clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.

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BackgroundAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cerebrovascular diseases. While animal studies have suggested a correlation between cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) serum levels and the severity and prognosis of cerebral infarction, there has been a lack of research exploring this association in humans with cerebral infarction.Materials and methodsA total of 148 patients diagnosed with AIS within 7 days from symptom onset were included in this study. Comprehensive information regarding the patients' basic demographics, medical history, clinical parameters, the severity of cerebral infarction, and serum CIRP levels was collected. Follow-up data were obtained through telephonic interviews or by reviewing clinical notes for 3 months after the patients were discharged to assess the functional outcomes of treatment.ResultsThe findings of this study demonstrated a significant increase in serum CIRP levels during the early stages of AIS, followed by a gradual decline after 3 days. Significant differences were observed in the serum CIRP levels between the 1-day group and the 4–7 day group (P < 0.0047), as well as between the 2–3 day group and the 4–7 day group (P < 0.0006). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between the serum CIRP levels and the severity of cerebral infarction. Higher serum CIRP levels were associated with more severe National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (P < 0.05) and larger cerebral infarction volumes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, patients with higher serum CIRP levels exhibited poorer modified Rankin scale scores (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that serum CIRP serves as an essential pro-inflammatory mediator and a valuable biomarker for assessing brain injury in patients with AIS.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest an elevation in serum CIRP levels among patients with AIS. These levels are positively correlated with the severity of AIS and serve as indicators of a poor prognosis. Therefore, CIRP could serve as a target for early clinical intervention while managing AIS, and further research should explore serum CIRP levels as prognostic indicators in AIS.

therapy (ST); O:the clinical impact of EBCR in LVAD patients(6MWD and peak V•o2 in patients with advanced HF who under-go LVAD implantation). Eligibility criteria: Studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis if they (1) assessed the impact of EBCR in LVAD recipients; (2) included a standard therapy (ST) group for comparison; and (3) enrolled adult subjects (>18 years of age). Exclusion criteria included (1) non-English language publication; (2) published abstract without full-text publication; (3) studies assessing the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on LVAD recipients without an ST group; (4) studies assessing the effect of different treatment strategies of cardiac rehabilitation without an ST group; and (5) studies lacking endpoint measures such as peak Vo2 and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD). Standard therapy was defined as LVAD recipients who were not given any individualized/structured exercise prescription apart from advice to walk regularly by their physicians (30-45 min/d). The EBCR group was defined as participation in a structured cardiac rehabilitation program with a clearly defined protocol. INPLASY registration number: This protocol was registered with the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (INPLASY) on 20 April 2023 and was last u p d a t e d o n 2 0 A p r i l 2 0 2 3 ( r e g i s t r a t i o n n u m b e r INPLASY202340073).

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