A lack of economic convergence among euro member countries seems to be feeding euro-skepticism. Using a Structural Vector Auto Regression model combined with a time varying correlation analysis, we attempt to test the endogeneity theory for the three core euro members, i.e., France, Germany, and Italy. We provide evidence that the adoption of the euro has increased the symmetry of underlying shocks and accelerated the convergence process within this group. Even though the global crisis of 2007~2009 disturbed the European convergence process, the expected endogeneity effects continue to be generated, and the euro-skepticism is not corroborated.
This paper attempts to empirically identify strong safe havens among six currencies: the Swiss franc, Japanese yen, British pound, euro, Canadian dollar and Norwegian krone. Using Markov regime‐switching vector autoregressive models, we test whether the currencies are negatively related to risky assets and whether the negative relation is stronger in times of crisis than in times of growth. We find that (1) the Swiss franc and Japanese yen qualify as strong safe havens, and (2) the other currencies qualify as “equity‐like” or risky currencies.
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