BackgroundThe aim of this study was to screen for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in southwestern China and understand the prevalence and risk factors of ROP, which may provide evidence useful in the prevention and treatment of ROP.Material/Methods1864 preterm infants (gestational age of <37 weeks and birth weight of ≤2500 g) underwent ROP screening from January 2009 to November 2012 in Southwest China. The medical information of infants during perinatal period was reviewed, and risk factors of ROP were determined. A total of 1614 infants were recruited for final analysis.ResultsIncidence of ROP was 12.8%. The first, second, third, and fourth stage of ROP was found in 64.6%, 29.6%, 3.4%, and 0.5% of infants, respectively. No fifth stage of ROP was observed. In addition, 7.7% of infants required surgical intervention. In our Department of Neonatology, the incidence of ROP was 20.0%, which was significantly higher than in non-hospitalized patients (9.9%). The incidence of ROP remained unchanged over the years. Independent risk factors of ROP included low birth weight (p=0.049), low gestational age (p=0.008), days of oxygen supplementation (p=0.008), and myocardial injury after birth (p=0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of ROP in preterm infants is relatively high in Southwest China, and low birth weight, low gestational age, days of oxygen supplementation, and myocardial injury after birth are independent risk factors for ROP.

The increasing interest for renewable electricity-driven CO2 electroreduction calls for effective strategies in catalyst design, which have so far mainly focused on the compositional modulation such as doping and alloying. Recently, attention has turned to the microstructural tailoring of catalytic centers with a multi-center architecture to promote the formation of multi-carbon products, but theoretical understanding lags far behind the experimental discoveries. Herein, a systematic first principles study is performed on the representative electrocatalyst, Ni2P, which is characterized by densely distributed Ni3 catalytic centers and displays high selectivity to C–C coupling during CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Not only the Ni atoms in each trinuclear Ni3 site can cooperatively accommodate reaction intermediates for better opportunities of their coupling, but the adjacent Ni3 sites can also work in synergy to drive the highly endothermic hydrogenation steps in forming critical multi-carbon species. At the core of this capability lies the participation of the hydrogen-bonding network of water in transferring surface protons between neighboring Ni3 sites, which builds a kinetically feasible path to circumvent the thermodynamic penalty in an electrochemical step. This work uncovers the mechanism by which cooperativity arises in multi-center microstructures, with implications generally for the design of CO2RR electrocatalysts to obtain valuable chemicals.

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